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AAAS Science & Human Rights Action Network
| Date: | 10/28/98 | |
| Country: | IRAN | |
| Subject: | Education for Baha'is Attacked | |
| Case Number(s): | IR9814.Bah | |
| Issues: | Freedom from arbitrary detention and arrest; freedom of thought, conscience, and religion; academic freedom, right to education, freedom from discrimination | |
| Type of Alert: | New |
AAASHRAN Text Follows:
28 October 1998
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE HUMAN RIGHTS ACTION NETWORK (AAASHRAN)
IRAN--Education for Baha'is Attacked
CASE NUMBER: IR9814.Bah
ISSUES: Freedom from arbitrary detention and arrest; freedom of thought, conscience, and religion; academic freedom, right to education, freedom from discrimination
FACTS OF THE CASE: Iranian authorities arrested at least 36 faculty members of the Baha'i Institute of Higher Education (BIHE) between 30 September and 3 October 1998; seven remain in custody. The arrests, which took place in fourteen cities, are part of a widespread assault by the Iranian government against the Baha'i community, which has included barring Baha'is from public universities, confiscating classroom equipment, plundering more than 500 Baha'i homes, arbitrarily arresting and imprisoning members of the Baha'i community, and imposing death sentences and executing Baha'i prisoners.
The faculty members who were arrested were asked to sign a document declaring that the BIHE had ceased to exist as of 29 September and that they would no longer cooperate with it. The detainees reportedly refused to sign the declaration. Many of them had been barred from teaching in universities and schools.
The Baha'i community is the largest religious minority in Iran with approximately 300,000 members. Baha'is have been barred from Iranian universities since the 1980s. In response to the ban, in 1987 the Baha'i community in Iran founded its own independent, full-fledged, yet completely decentralized university system, the BIHE. The Institute offers degrees in ten subject areas, including applied chemistry, biology, dental science, pharmacological science, civil engineering, computer science, psychology, law, literature, and accounting. Until September, more than 900 students were enrolled and the faculty consisted of more than 150 first-rate academics and instructors. The Institute was composed of various classrooms, laboratories, and libraries scattered throughout Iran in private homes and buildings. In addition, Baha'i academics in North America, Europe, and Australia cooperated with the Institute by sending the latest textbooks and research papers, and making occasional visits to Iran as guest lecturers.
Similar raids against the BIHE were conducted in 1996, but authorities did not shut down the Institute. In 1991 the Iranian Supreme Revolutionary Cultural Council instituted a campaign intended to eradicate the Baha'i community. The policy was expressed in a secret document that was personally endorsed by the Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei. It was published in 1993 by the United Nations Special Representative on Iran.
The arbitrary arrest of Baha'i educators and the exclusion of Baha'is from access to higher education in Iran constitute serious violations of international human rights standards, including those enumerated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (adopted without opposition by the United Nations General Assembly on 10 December 1948) and the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights, to which Iran is a State Party and which it is therefore legally obligated to recognize. They include:
Under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights:
- no one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile (Article 9); and
- everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion (Article 18).
Under the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (ratified by Iran on 24 June 1975).
- the rights enunciated in the Covenant will be exercised without discrimination of any kind as to race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion...(Article 2.1);
- everyone has the right to work (Article 6);
- everyone has the right to education (Article 13); and
- parents or legal guardians have the right to choose for their children schools, other than those established by the pubic authorities...to ensure the religious and moral education of their children in conformity with their own convictions (Article 13.3).
(Source of information for this case is the National Spiritual Assembly of the Baha'is of the United States.)
RECOMMENDED ACTION: Please send telexes, telegrams, faxes, or airmail letters:
- calling on the Iranian government to end its persecution of the Baha'i community;
- requesting the immediate and unconditional release of the BIHE faculty members that remain in detention;
- urging the government to cease its attacks against the BIHE; and
- calling for assurance that Baha'i students in Iran will be permitted to pursue higher education of their choosing.
APPEAL AND INQUIRY MESSAGES SHOULD BE SENT TO:
Hojjatoleslam val
Moslemin Sayed Mohammad Khatami
President of the Islamic Republic of Iran
The Presidency
Palestine Avenue
Azerbaijan Intersection
Tehran
Islamic Republic of Iran
[Salutation: His Excellency]
Dr. Mostafa Moin
Minister of Culture and Higher Education
Shahid Beheshti Avneue
Takhti Sq., corner of Shahib Sabonchi
Shahid Adace Building
Tehran
The Islamic Republic of Iran
[Salutation: Dear Minister Moin]
Dr. Frederico Mayor
Director- General
UNESCO
7 place de Fontenoy
75352 Paris 07 SP
France
[Salutation: Dear Mr. Director-General]
Please send copies of your appeals, and any responses you may receive, or direct any questions you may have to Elisa Munoz, AAAS Science and Human Rights Program, 1200 New York Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20005; tel. 202-326-6797; email EMUNOZ@AAAS.ORG; or fax 202-289-4950.
The keys to effective appeals are to be courteous and respectful, accurate and precise, impartial in approach, and as specific as possible regarding the alleged violation and the international human rights standards and instruments that apply to the situation. Reference to your scientific organization and professional affiliation is always helpful.
To ensure that appeals are current and credible, please do not continue to write appeals on this case after 90 days from the date of the posting unless an update has been issued.
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