Abstract: The dramatic tension in Robert Hayden’s poetry has often been mistaken for personal ambivalence and confusion with regard to both his ethnic identity and his beliefs as a Bahá’í — rather than the clear pattern of consolation that unites them. Notes: This article is posted online at the Journal of Bahá'í Studies past issues archive. Permission to cross-post articles given by ABS editor in 1997 and 2000 when I was building the first bahai-studies.ca website.
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Racial Identity and the Patterns of Consolation in the Poetry of Robert Hayden
published in Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 3:2 Ottawa, ON: Association for Bahá'í Studies North America, 1990
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