Scripture and Revelation:
Papers presented at the First Irfan Colloquium

edited by Moojan Momen
Oxford: George Ronald, 1997

Papers presented at the First Irfan Colloquium Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England, December 1993 and the Second Irfan Colloquium Wilmette, USA, March 1994 edited by Moojan Momen Published in collaboration with the Haj Mehdi Memorial Trust GEORGE RONALD, Publisher 46 High Street, Kidlington, Oxford 0X5 2DN © Haj Mehdi Memorial Trust 1997

Contents Introduction......................................................vii Háj Mihdí Arjmand...................................................1       Iraj Ayman The Validity and Value of an Historical-Critical Approach..........27 to the Revealed Works of Bahá'u'lláh       John S. Hatcher Revelation, Interpretation and Elucidation.........................53 in the Bahá'í Writings       Robert H. Stockman Prophecy in the Johannine Farewell Discourse: The Advents..........69 of the Paraclete, Ahmad and the Comforter (Mu'azzí)       Stephen Lambden Daéná-Dén-Dín: The Zoroastrian Heritage of the 'Maid..............125 of Heaven' in the Tablets of Bahá'u'lláh       Kamran Ekbal The Dangers of Reading: Inlibration, Communion and................171 Transference in the Qur'án Commentary of the Báb       Todd Lawson The Day of God (Yawmu'lláh) and the Days of ......................217 God (Ayyámu'lláh)       Khazeh Fananapazir Understanding Exclusivist Texts...................................239       Seena Fazel The Love Relationship between God and Humanity:...................283 Reflections on Bahá'u'lláh's Hidden Words       Julio Savi Mythoi: Stories of the Origin, Fall and Redemption of.............309 Humanity: A Study in the Topology of the Holy Books       William Barnes The Inner Dimensions of Revelation................................341       Ross Woodman

[page vii]

Introduction

      This book, as well as being the third volume in the Bahá'í Studies series published by George Ronald, represents the first in a series of volumes presenting the proceedings of a cycle of conferences called the Irfán Colloquia. These conferences have been organized under the patronage of the Háj Mehdí Arjmand Memorial Trust set up in 1992 in the memory of Háj Mihdí Arjmand, a distinguished Bahá'í scholar of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Further conferences in the series have already taken place and it is hoped that the proceedings of these conferences will be published in due course.

      The first two Irfán Colloquia were held in Europe and North America on the theme of 'Scripture and Revelation.' The first conference was held on 3-5 December 1993 at the Bahá'í Centre in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England, and was co-sponsored by the Religious Studies Special Interest Group of the Association for Bahá'í Studies (English-Speaking Europe). The programme of the conference was as follows:

Friday evening, 3 December 1993

• Stephen Lambden, 'Two Bahá'í scholars: Háj Mihdí Arjmand and Thomas Kelly Cheyne'

Saturday morning, 4 December 1993

• Dr Seena Fazel, 'Understanding Exclusivist Texts'
  
  
• Dr Robert H. Stockman, 'Modern Biblical Interpretation and the Bahá'í Faith'

---

[page viii]

Saturday afternoon

• Dr Todd Lawson, 'The Báb's Tafsir Suratu'l-Asr'

Sunday morning, 5 December

• Stephen Lambden, 'Prophecy in the Johannine Farewell Discourse: The Advents of the Paraclete, Ahmad and the Comforter (Mu'azzi)'

Sunday afternoon

• Dr Khazeh Fananapazir, 'The Day of God'
  
  
• Dr Kamran Ekbal, 'The Pattern and Symbolism of Revelation from Zarathustra to Bahá'u'lláh'

In addition to the talks, the conference scheduled time for several discussions of biblical and quranic exegesis (interpretation) from a Bahá'í perspective. About 30 people attended the conference.

The second conference was held on 25-27 March 1994 at the National Bahá'í Center in Wilmette, Illinois, United States. The programme was as follows:

Friday night, 25 March 1994

• Nikoo Mahboubian gave a talk about Háj Mihdí Arjmand

Saturday morning, 26 March 1994

• Dr John S. Hatcher, 'The Validity and Value of an Historical-Critical Approach to the Revealed Word of Bahá'u'lláh'
  
  
• Frank Lewis, 'Scripture as Literature: The Writings of Bahá'u'lláh in their Literary Context'
  
  
• Dr Ross Woodman, 'The Inner Dimensions of Revelation'

---

[page ix]

Saturday afternoon

• Dr Susan Brill, 'Reading With or Against the Book, or the Avoidance of Interpretive Chaos'
  
  
• Thomas May, 'Entombed in a Dead Language: the Saints Raising out of their Graves'
  
  
• William Barnes, 'Mythoi: Stories of the Origin, Fall and Redemption of Man'
  
  
• Craig Loehle, 'Bahá'í Parables'

Saturday evening

• An informal panel presentation allowing speakers and the audience time to discuss subjects raised during the day.

Sunday morning, 27 March 1994

• Dr Kamran Ekbal, 'The Koranic Roots of Some Legal and Theological Terms in the Kitáb-i-Aqdas'
  
  
• Dr Julio Savi, 'The Love Relationship Between God and Humanity: A Commentary on Bahá'u'lláh's Hidden Words'
  
  
• Michael McCarron, 'The Resurrection of Divine Wisdom: A Study of the Ontology of Greek Philosophical Theology and Jewish Theology in the Context of Wisdom Revelation and its Realization in the Bahá'í Religion'
  
  
• Aram Gomez, 'The Tree of Peace and the Coming of Bahá'u'lláh'

About 65 persons from Canada, Japan, four European countries, and eleven states attended the conference.

      The present volume is a selection of the papers presented at these two conferences. It is prefaced by a biography of Háj Mihdí Arjmand in whose memory the Háj Mehdí Arjmand Memorial Trust was established. The essays in this volume vary widely in style. Some are written from

---

[page x]

the viewpoint of faith and in a language assuming a belief in the tenets of the Bahá'í Faith, while others adopt a more neutral academic style. In preparing this volume the editor has not attempted to achieve a uniformity of tone or style but rather has tried to allow each author to express himself in the style that best suits him. Only the style of annotation and transliteration has been rendered uniform.

Moojan Momen, Northill, England
March 1997