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Search for location "Cyprus"
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see also |
| 1868. 21 Aug |
Bahá'u'lláh and His companions left Gallipoli on an Austrian-Lloyd steamer. CH62 says it was a Turkish boat. [BKG263; GPB182; RB2:411]
CH62 says it was a Turkish boat.
There were 72 exiles, 10 soldiers and 2 officers. The journey took 11 days. [CH63]
See BKG270 for map of the journey.
Towards sunset the same day the steamer touched on Madellí and stoped for a few hours. It continued on to Smyrna the same night where they stayed for two days and left at night. [BKG264; N&N22]
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Gallipoli; Madelli; Smyrna; Famagusta; Turkey; Cyprus |
Bahaullah, Life of; Bahaullah, Banishment of; Ships; Mishkin-Qalam; Mirza Aliy-i-Sayyah-i-Maraghihi (Mulla Adi-Guzal); Aqa Abdul-Ghaffar; Aqa Muhammad-Baqir (Qahvih-chiy-i Mahallati); Mirza Yahya (Subh-i-Azal); Exile; Cyprus exiles; Bahaullah, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded |
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| 1868. 31 Aug |
The ship arrived in Haifa in the early morning. [BKG269; GPB182; RB3:11]
Bahá'u'lláh and His companions — 70 in all — disembarked and were taken ashore in sailing boats. [RB3:11]
One of the Bahá'ís, Áqá `Abdu'l-Ghaffár, one of the four companions of Bahá'u'lláh condemned to share the exile of Mírzá Yahyá, threw himself into the sea when he learned he was to be separated from Bahá'u'lláh. [BKG269; GPB182]
A few hours later Bahá'u'lláh's party was put aboard a sailing vessel and taken to `Akká. [RB3:12]
Mírzá Yahyá and the four Bahá'ís arrested at Constantinople, including Mishkín-Qalam, were sent on to Famagusta in Cyprus. [BKG268; GPB179]
See also The Cyprus Exiles
by Moojan Momen.
See photo of the sea gate by which the exiles entered the citadel.
See CH66 for Bahíyyih Khánum's account of the journey.
The exiles landed in `Akká and began a confinement in the citadel that was to last two years, two months and five days. [CH67, BBR205; BKG169; DH12; RB3:11]
Photo of the citadel.
See BKG277–9 for a list of the exiles. Two others joined them immediately after arrival. [BBR205]
See BR205–6 for `Abdu'l-Bahá's account of the journey of exile.
See RB32:2 and RB3:21 for prophecies regarding Bahá'u'lláh's exile to `Akká.
See DH17–24 for a history of `Akká before the arrival of Bahá'u'lláh.
See DH26–8 and GPB186–7 for a description of the exiles' walk to the prison.
See GPB186–7 for Bahá'u'lláh's description of the citadel and the conditions there on His arrival.
See BKG275–7 for Áqá Ridá's description of the citadel and the conditions there.
See DH30–1 for a description of the citadel building and the accommodation used by Bahá'u'lláh.
The first night the exiles were refused both food and drink. [GPB187]
Afterwards each prisoner was allocated three loaves of stale black bread as a daily food ration plus filthy water. [GBP187]
Within two days all fell ill with typhoid but for two, 'Abdu'l-Bahá and another man who was able to help Him nurse and care for the others. [CH234]
Three of the exiles died soon after arrival. Soon after their death, Bahá'u'lláh revealed the Lawh-i-Ra'ís, the second Tablet to `Alí Páshá. [BKG283; GPB187; RB3:20, 34]
See BKG317–21 and CH250–1 for the story of the Azalís who were confined to `Akká with the exiles.
See BBRSM69–70 for details on the system of communications used between the Holy Land and the Bahá'í communities.
At first the Governor was disinclined to relax the strict rules of the exiles but eventually allowed Mírzá Ja'far to go into town, accompanied by a soldier, to purchase food. 'Abdu'l-Bahá had sent Mírzá 'Abdu'l-Ahad ahead sometime before with instructions to open a shop. It was six months before the exiles could make contact with him. During this time a Greek, Dr. Petro, became a friend and, after having made investigations, assured the Governor that the exiles were not criminals. [CH67]
The King of Martyrs and his brother The Beloved of Martyrs were the first to make contact with the exiles by telegraph. They were able to provide much need assistance. [CH67]
After the restrictions had been relaxed somewhat Shaykh Salmán was able to function as a courier carrying Tablets and letters to and from Persia. When he was arrested in Aleppo, carrying a most important supplication from a friend in Persia to Bahá'u'lláh, he swallowed the letter to avoid detection. [CH67-68]
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Haifa; Famagusta; Akka; Israel; Cyprus |
Bahaullah, Life of; Bahaullah, Banishment of; Mishkin-Qalam; Aqa Abdul-Ghaffar; Mirza Jafar; Citadel; Prophecies; Cyprus exiles; Exile; Firsts, Other; Bahaullah, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded; - Bahai World Centre buildings, monuments and gardens; World Centre |
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| 1868. 5 Sep |
The ship that had delivered the exiles to 'Akká carried on and Mírzá Yahyá arrived in Cyprus with his entire family but without a single disciple or even a servant. [BBR306]
Also exiled to Cyprus were four loyal Bahá'ís and they were:
Mishkín-Qalam (Áqá Hussain Isfahání)
Mirzá ‘Alíy-i-Sayyáh-i-Maraghih'í (Mullá Ádí-Guzal)
Áqá ‘Abdu’l-Ghaffár
Áqá Muḥammad-Báqir (Qahvih-chiy-i Mahallátí) (coffee-maker)
With their arrival Cyprus became the first island in the Mediterranean to receive the Faith.
See also GPB 182 and AB285, 523.
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Famagusta; Cyprus |
Mishkin-Qalam; Mirza Aliy-i-Sayyah-i-Maraghihi (Mulla Adi-Guzal); Aqa Abdul-Ghaffar; Aqa Muhammad-Baqir (Qahvih-chiy-i Mahallati); Mirza Yahya (Subh-i-Azal); Exile; Cyprus exiles; First Bahais by country or area; Islands |
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| 1868. c. Oct |
Nabíl was released from prison in Egypt and departed for `Akká. [BKG290–1; RB3:57]
He visited Cyprus on the way. [BKG291]
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Cairo; Egypt; Akka; Cyprus |
Nabil-i-Azam |
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| 1870. 29 Sep |
Mírzá `Abdu'l-Ghaffár effected his escape from Cyprus and rejoins Bahá'u'lláh in `Akká. [BBR306] |
Cyprus; Akka |
Mirza Abdul-Ghaffar |
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| 1871. 4 Aug |
Shaykh `Alíy-i-Sayyáh, one of the Bahá'ís imprisoned in Cyprus, died, allegedly of poisoning. [BBR306, FOI,Forward]
Subsequently Mishkín-Qalam married the widow of Sayyáh. [BBR 306, FOIp24]
Born Mulla Adi Guzal, a trustee and courier of The Báb during the days of Mah-Ku and Chiriq. He visited the Fort of Shaykh Tabarsi (Mazindaran) at the request and on behalf of the Báb carrying His Tablet of Visitation for the martyrs of Fort Shaykh Tabarsi. [from Anita Graves, National Bahá'í Archivist Cyprus]
He was one of the four Exiles ordered to Famagusta by the Ottoman Sultan at the time that Baha’u’llah was exiled to ‘Akka. These four Exiles, including Mishkin-Qalam, arrived in Famagusta on 5 September 1868. [from Anita Graves, National Bahá'í Archivist Cyprus]
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Cyprus |
Shaykh Aliy-i-Sayyah; Mishkin-Qalam |
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| 1872. 22 Nov |
Muhammad-Báqir-i-Mahallátí, one of the Bahá'ís imprisoned in Cyprus, died. [BBR306]
He had begun his service to Bahá'u'lláh in Baghdad and was a member of the entourage that accompanied Him to Constantinople in 1863 and further served in His household in Adrianople. See FOIp9-12 for a brief description of his service.
This left Mishkín-Qalam as the only Bahá'í in Cyprus. [BBR306] |
Cyprus |
Aqa Muhammad-Baqir (Qahvih-chiy-i Mahallati); Mishkin-Qalam; In Memoriam; Births and deaths; Cyprus exiles |
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| 1878. 12 Jul |
The British government took over the administration of Cyprus. [BBR306] |
Cyprus |
History (general); British |
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| 1879. 20 Jun |
Mishkín-Qalam was given permission to move from Famagusta to Nicosia. [BBR307] |
Famagusta; Nicosia; Cyprus |
Mishkin-Qalam |
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| 1880. 15 Aug |
Mishkín-Qalam addressed a petition to the High Commissioner of Cyprus begging to be released from his confinement. [BBR307]
See BBR307–11 for consequences of this.
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Cyprus |
Mishkin-Qalam |
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| 1881 24 Mar |
Mírzá Yahyá was granted freedom by the British administration of Cyprus. [BBR311]
He asked for British citizenship or protection so that he might return to Iran or Turkey in safety but was denied so stayed on in Cyprus for the rest of his life with a pension of 1193 pias/month from the British government. [BBR311] |
Famagusta; Cyprus |
Mirza Yahya (Subh-i-Azal) |
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| 1886. 14 Sep |
Mishkín-Qalam, who had been living in Larnica, left Cyprus on a Syrian vessel going direct to `Akká. [BBR311, FOI24] |
Larnaca; Cyprus; Akka |
Mishkin-Qalam |
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| 1912 29 Apr |
Mírzá Yahyá died in Famagusta. [BBD243; BBR312]
He had been deserted by most of his followers and was given a Muslim funeral. [BKG426; GPB233]
Years later the sons of Mírzá Yahya and their relatives reconciled themselves to the authority of 'Abdu'l-Bahá. [CH237-238]
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Famagusta; Cyprus |
Mirza Yahya (Subh-i-Azal); Covenant-breakers; Cyprus exiles; Births and deaths |
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| 1926 30 Nov |
Sir Ronald Storrs (b. 1881 - d. 1955) was appointed Governor of Cyprus (30 Nov 1926 - 29 Oct 1932) |
Cyprus |
Ronald Storrs |
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| 1946. (In the year 1946 or 1947) |
While visiting in Famagusta (Gazimağusa) Rúḥíyyih Khánum is quoted as saying: “Shoghi
Effendi was working very intensely in Haifa and people were knocking on his door all the time to
ask questions; because of that, during his unofficial travels to rest (holidays), he was traveling
around quietly (incognito), and without contacting the believers. We came to Cyprus together
for two or three weeks in one of the years 1946 or 1947 – if I look (in my diary) I can find the
year. We went to Nicosia, and then we got a car and went to Famagusta, Larnaca and then
again Nicosia. I can’t remember whether we went to Limassol. Afterwards we went to St.
Hilarion. There weren’t good hotels in the Troodos area then, and because of that we stayed in
a small house for a while. This is all I can say about this visit.” [Notes of the Visit to Famagusta of
Amatu'l-Bahá Rúḥíyyih Khánum in the home of Erol & Şafak Olkar Notes taken by: Erol Olkar. The English translation of the original Turkish language handwritten manuscript of Erol Olkar was by Deniz Oraç.] |
Famagusta; Gazimağusa; Nicosia; Larnaca; St Hilarion; Cyprus |
Shoghi Effendi, travels of; Amatul-Baha Ruḥiyyih Khanum, Journeys of |
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| 1949 16 Aug |
The passing of Lilian Vaughan McNeill (b.1 December, 1879). In May, 1931 she and her husband, Brigadier General Angus McNeill had taken a lease on the abandoned property at Mazra'ih where they lived until her passing. They had restored the house and property respecting the fact that Bahá'u'lláh and His family had lived there from June 1877 until September, 1879. In 1981 the staff at the Bahá'í World Centre discovered her simple grave in the Commonwealth Cemetery in Haifa and, with the permission of her family, erected a befitting and dignified memorial.
She had been a childhood friend of Marie Alexandra Victoria (Queen Marie of Romania).
During her latter years at Mazra'ih she wrote a series of short stories, some of which were published in the local English-language newspaper. [BW19p779-782]
Brigadier General Angus McNeill died in Cyprus in June 1950, nearly one year after Lilian's passing, and was buried on 21 June 1950 in Wayne's Keep, the Commonwealth War Graves Cemetery now located in the buffer zone, under the control of the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP). Anita Graves, archivist for the Cypriot community, discovered he grave in 1994. [from a message from Anita Graves dated November, 2019] iiiii
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Mazraih; Akka; Cyprus |
In Memoriam; Lilian Barron McNeill; Angus McNeill; House of Bahaullah (Mazraih); Cemeteries and graves; Queen Marie of Romania; Anita Graves |
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| 1953 Aug |
'Abbás Vakíl arrived in Cyprus and was named a Knight of Bahá’u’lláh. [BW13:450] |
Cyprus |
Knights of Bahaullah |
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| 1953 Sep |
Hugh McKinley and his mother, Violet, arrived in Cyprus and were named Knights of Bahá’u’lláh. [BW13:450]
Violet passed away in 1959 and she was laid to rest in Famagusta. Hugh remained in Cyprus until 1963. He died in Suffolk in 1999 was was buried in Lawshall, Suffolk. He had been born on the 18th of February, 1924.
See Ismael Velasco's paper entitled In Memoriam: Hugh McKinley.
See Life of Hugh McKinley, Knight of Bahá'u'lláh by Olive McKinley. |
Cyprus; Famagusta |
Knights of Bahaullah; Hugh McKinley; Violet McKinley; Ismael Velasco; Olive McKinley |
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| 1953 Nov |
Samíra Vakíl arrived in Cyprus and was named a Knight of Bahá’u’lláh. [BW13:450] |
Cyprus |
Knights of Bahaullah; Islands |
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| 1976 Dec |
The first Bahá’í Winter School in Cyprus was held in Nicosia. |
Nicosia; Cyprus |
First summer and winter schools |
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| 1978 Ridván |
The National Spiritual Assembly of Cyprus was formed with its seat in Nicosia. [BW17:190, 348] |
Nicosia; Cyprus |
National Spiritual Assembly, formation |
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| 2003 27 Apr |
Bahá'ís from the north and south of Cyprus met when they were permitted to cross the demarcation line that had divided the island for three decades. The event followed the decision by the Turkish Cypriot authorities to lift the ban on travel across the cease-fire line. Some 60 Turkish and Greek Bahá'ís held a devotional meeting together at the Bahá'í center in Nicosia. [BWNS216] |
Nicosia; Cyprus; Turkey; Greece |
History (general); Unity; BWNS |
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from the Main Catalogue
- Account of the Death of Mirza Yahya Subh-i-Azal, by Alili Ridvan, in Materials for the Study of the Babi Religion (1918). [about]
- Babi and Bahá'í Religions 1844-1944: Some Contemporary Western Accounts, by Moojan Momen (1981). A lengthy collection of first-hand reports and mentions of the Bábí and Bahá'í religions in contemporaneous accounts and newspapers. [about]
- Cyprus Exiles, The, by Moojan Momen, in Bahá'í Studies Bulletin, 5:3-6:1 (1991). History of Mirza Yahya's family and the four followers of Bahá'u'lláh exiled with them in Cyprus. Includes genealogies. [about]
- Personal Reminiscences of the Bábí Insurrection at Zanjan in 1850, by E. G. Browne, in Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 29 (1897). The testimony of Áqá 'Abdu'l-Ahad Zanjani. [about]
- References to the Bahá'í Faith in the U.S. State Department's Country Reports on Human Rights Practices, by United States Department of State (1991). Excerpts from the State Department's annual compilation of Country Reports on Human Rights Practices on discrimination against the Bahá'í Faith and persecution of its adherents in twenty countries. [about]
- Scholar Meets Prophet: Edward Granville Browne and Bahá'u'lláh (Acre, 1890), by Christopher Buck and Youli A. Ioannesyan, in Bahá'í Studies Review, 20 (2018). Details of E.G. Browne's handwritten notes about his meeting with Bahá'u'lláh, his stay in Akka in April 1890, and his correspondence with Russian academics. [about]
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