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Search for tag "Yemen, Recent history"
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| 1990 22 May |
The nations of Northern Yemen and Marxist Southern Yemen united to become the Republic of Yemen with Ali Abdullah Saleh, a former a conservative military leader, as President. Saleh had served as President of North Yemen for 12 years until then.
Ali Salim al-Beidh, a Soviet-trained southern army commander, was chosen as Vice President. Mr. Beidh, had ruled Southern Yemen when it was a Marxist state. A unification of the two countries' political and economic systems was to take place over 30 months. In that time, a unified parliament was formed and a unity constitution was agreed upon, however, tensions between North and South continued with sporadic fighting.
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Yemen |
Yemen, Recent history |
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| 1993 (In the year) |
Vice President Ali Salim Al-Beidh quit Saleh’s government and returns to Aden in southern Yemen and said he would not return to the government until his grievances had been addressed. These included northern violence against his Yemeni Socialist Party, as well as the economic marginalization of the south. Negotiations to end the political deadlock dragged on into 1994. The government of Prime Minister Haydar Abu Bakr Al-Attas, the former PDRY Prime Minister, became ineffective due to political infighting.
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Yemen |
Yemen, Recent history |
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| 1994 27 Apr |
Civil war (The War of Secession of 1994, May to early July) erupted in Yemen and ends in a victory for Saleh within three months.
A major tank battle erupted in Amran, near San'a. Both sides accused the other of first aggression.
On 4 May, the southern air force bombed San'a and other areas in the north; the northern air force responded by bombing Aden.
President Saleh declared a 30-day state of emergency, and foreign nationals began evacuating the country.
Vice President al-Beidh was officially dismissed.
South Yemen fired Scud missiles into San'a, killing dozens of civilians. Prime Minister Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas was dismissed on May 10 after appealing for outside forces to help end the war.
Southern leaders seceded and declared the Democratic Republic of Yemen (DRY) on 21 May 1994. No international government recognized the DRY.
In mid-May, northern forces began a push toward Aden. The key city of Ataq, which allowed access to the country's oil fields. It was seized on May 24.
The United Nations Security Council adopted Resolution 924 calling for an end to the fighting and a cease-fire. A cease-fire was called on 6 June, but lasted only six hours; concurrent talks to end the fighting in Cairo collapsed as well.
The north entered Aden on 4 July. Supporters of Ali Nasir Muhammad greatly assisted military operations against the secessionists and Aden was captured on 7 July 1994. Most resistance quickly collapsed and top southern military and political leaders fled into exile.
Almost all of the actual fighting in the 1994 civil war occurred in the southern part of the country, despite air and missile attacks against cities and major installations in the north. Southerners sought support from neighbouring states and may have received military assistance from Saudi Arabia and Oman, which felt threatened by a united Yemen. The United States repeatedly called for a cease-fire and a return to the negotiating table. Various attempts, including by a UN special envoy and Russia, were unsuccessful to effect a cease-fire.
President Saleh now had control over all of Yemen. A general amnesty was declared, except for 16 southern figures accused of misappropriation of official funds.
YSP (Yemen Socialist Party) leaders within Yemen reorganized following the civil war and elected a new politburo in July 1994. However, much of its influence had been destroyed in the war.
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Yemen |
Yemen, Recent history |
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| 1994 May |
An accord between northern and southern leaders of Yemen was signed in Amman but this could not stop the civil war. During these tensions, both the northern and southern armies–which had never integrated–gathered on their respective frontiers.
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Yemen |
Yemen, Recent history |
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| 1994 1 Oct |
President Ali Abdallah Saleh was elected by Parliament to a 5-year term. However, he remained in office until 2012. |
Yemen |
Yemen, Recent history |
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| 1997 27 Apr |
In the second parliamentary election in Yemen the GPC won a majority of the seats, Iṣlāḥ finished second, and the YSP (Yemen Socialist Party) virtually committed political suicide by boycotting the elections.
Given its sizable majority, the GPC chose to rule alone, thereby making Iṣlāḥ the major opposition party in parliament.
In late 1994 the plural executive had been abolished and President Ṣāliḥ reelected to a five-year term by parliament.
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Yemen |
Yemen, Recent history |
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| 1999 Sep |
September 1999 President Ṣāliḥ was again returned to office, this time in the country’s first direct presidential elections and for a term lengthened to seven years. He had run virtually unopposed, as the YSP candidate was unable to secure the minimum number of votes necessary in the GPC-dominated parliament to stand in the election. |
Yemen |
Yemen, Recent history |
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| 2011 (In the year) |
Hundreds were killed in a crackdown on mass protests that called for fall of President Saleh and an end to corruption and repression and accountability for human rights violations.
The longtime authoritarian president, Ali Abdullah Saleh was forced to resign and signed a power-transfer deal to hand over power to his deputy Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi.
The new president Hadi struggled to deal with a variety of problems, including attacks by al-Qaeda, a separatist movement in the south, the continuing loyalty of many military officers to Mr Saleh, as well as corruption, unemployment and food insecurity. |
Yemen |
Yemen, Recent history |
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| 2012 Feb |
Abd Rabbu Mansour Hadi was elected as president initiating a two-year transitional period. However, government forces continued to commit human rights violations, including unlawful killings and enforced disappearances, against supporters of secession in south and a conflict with the Huthi armed group in north was renewed. |
Yemen |
Yemen, Recent history |
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| 2014 21 Sep |
The Houthi movement, which championed Yemen's Zaidi Shia Muslim minority and had fought a series of rebellions against Mr Saleh during his tenure as president in the previous decade, took advantage of President Abd-Rabbu Mansour Hadi's weakness by taking control of their northern heartland of Saada province and neighbouring areas overthrowing the internationally-recognised government.
By February 2015 the group had dissolved parliament and announced plans for a transitional government.
See the essay Allies of Convenience or Birds of a Feather? by Oved Lobel for a discussion of Iran and the Houthis.
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Sanaa; Yemen |
Yemen, Recent history |
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| 2105 Feb |
In Yemen, Houthis appointed a presidential council to replace President Hadi who fled to Aden. |
Sanaa; Yemen; Aden |
Adbrabbuh Mansour Hadi; Yemen, Recent history |
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| 2015 Mar |
Clashes escalated between pro and anti-Huthis allied with security forces loyal to Mr Saleh, who was thought to have backed his erstwhile enemies in a bid to regain power. Southerners took to arms and formed resistance to further advance their cause for independence by fighting in order to defend their territory from northern control and a coup of the legitimate government. President Hadi was forced to flee to Saudi Arabia in March. He appealed to Gulf and Arab states to intervene militarily.
A Saudi Arabian-led military coalition of Arab states backed by the United States launched air strikes against the Huthi armed group positions in Sana’a and Sa’da with ousted President Ali Abdullah Saleh in support of Hadi's government.
The Islamic State carried out its first major attacks in Yemen, two suicide bombings targeting Shia mosques in Sana'a in which 137 people were killed. Houthi rebels started to advance towards southern Yemen and it was at that point that President Hadi fled to Aden. The Saudi-led coalition of Gulf Arab states launched air strikes against Houthi targets and imposed a naval blockade on Aden.
Over the next six months the conflict spread across Yemen.
In the southern part of the country, the United Arab Emirates, which was part of the Saudi-led coalition, set up its own security forces, running virtually a state-within-a-state and fuelling the south's independence movement.
The Houthis were dislodged from most of the south, but remained in control of Sana'a and much of the north.
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Sanaa; Aden; Yemen |
Yemen, Recent history; Ali Abdullah Saleh; Islamic State |
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| 2015 Sep |
President Hadi returned to Aden after Saudi-backed government forces recaptured the port city from Houthi forces. |
Aden; Yemen |
Yemen, Recent history; Hadi |
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| 2016 |
The conflict in Yemen continued to rage throughout the year. UN-sponsored peace talks began in Kuwait in April but broke down in early August. On 8 October, a Saudi Arabia-led coalition killed more than 100 people attending a funeral gathering in Sana’a and injured more than 500 others – one of the largest death tolls in any single incident since the start of the coalition’s bombing campaign. |
Yemen |
Yemen, Recent history |
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| 2016 Apr |
In Yemen th UN-sponsored peace talks began between the government on one side and the Houthis and form President Saleh's General People's Congress (GPC) on the other. |
Yemen |
Yemen, Recent history; Saleh |
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| 2016 Oct |
An airstrike by the Saudi-led coalition hit a crowded funeral in Sana'a killing 140 mourners and injuring another 500. |
Sanaa; Yemen |
Yemen, Recent history |
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| 2017 Jun - Nov |
In Yemen an outbreak of cholera killed 2.100 and affected almost 900,000 others. |
Yemen |
Yemen, Recent history; cholera |
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| 2017 3 Dec |
Ali Abdullah Saleh, the ousted strongman who once governed Yemen and then conspired with Iranian-backed rebels to claw his way back to power, was killed after a bomb blew up his family’s compound in the capital, Sana'a. After fighting along side the Iran-backed Houthis for two years it appeared that he had switched sides to join the Saudi-led coalition. [New York Times headline Monday, December 4, 2017 10:10 AM EST] |
Sanaa; Yemen |
Yemen, Recent history |
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| 2018 Jan |
Southern Yemeni separatists backed by the United Arab Emirates seized control of Aden. |
Aden; Yemen |
Yemen, Recent history |
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