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| 1870. Jul |
The Roman Catholic Vatican Council under Pope Pius IX formulated the doctrine of papal infallibility. Shortly afterwards Italian forces under Victor Emmanuel II attacked the Papal States and seize and occupy Rome, virtually extinguishing the temporal sovereignty of the pope. [GPB227; PDC54]
See Bahá'í Historical Facts. |
Rome; Italy |
Pope Pius IX; Popes; Christianity; History (general) |
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| 1900 26 Nov |
Agnes Baldwin Alexander wrote to `Abdu'l-Bahá declaring her belief in Bahá'u'lláh. [BFA2:159; SBR176; PH32]
She had heard of the Bahá'í Faith from Charlotte Dixon while staying in a pension in Rome. She stayed in Rome for three months studying prophecies then travelled to Paris for further study with May Bolles for another three and one half months. [BFA2:159; SBR176]
She left Paris in the Spring of 1901 for London, New England, Oakland, Ca and finally Honolulu. On returning to Hawaii in December 1901 she became the first Bahá'í to set foot in Hawaii. [BFA2:159–60; SBR177]
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Rome; Italy; Paris; France; Oakland; California; London; United Kingdom; Honolulu; Hawaii |
Agnes Alexander; May Maxwell (Bolles); Charlotte Dixon |
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| 1921 29 May |
Alessandro Bausani, the Italian Bahá'í who was an Islamic scholar, linguist and historian of comparative religions, was born in Rome. |
Rome; Italy |
Alessandro Bausani |
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| 1940 25 May |
After having obtained a visa for Britain in Rome, Shoghi Effendi and Rúhíyyih Khánum left for England. They entered France at Menton and then travelled to Marseilles and eventually to St. Malo. A few days later the Italians enter the war against the Allies. [PP179] |
Rome; Italy; Menton; Marseilles; France; United Kingdom |
Shoghi Effendi, Life of; Shoghi Effendi, Travels of; Amatul-Baha Ruhiyyih Khanum; World War II |
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| 1948 Ridván |
The first Bahá'í institution in Italy, the Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Rome was elected.
See picture. |
Rome; Italy |
Local Spiritual Assembly |
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| 1962. 11 Oct |
The opening of the Second Ecumenical Council of the Vatican, commonly known as the Second Vatican Council, or Vatican II at the Vatican. It was the 21st ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church. The council met in St. Peter's Basilica in Rome for four periods (or sessions), each lasting between 8 and 12 weeks, in the autumn of each of the four years 1962 to 1965. (11 October 1962 - 8 December 1965)
Pope John XXIII called the Council because he felt the Church needed “updating”. In order to connect with 20th century people in an increasingly secularized world, some of the Church's practices needed to be improved, and its teaching needed to be presented in a way that would appear relevant and understandable to them.
Roman Catholic bishops at the Second Vatican Council (1962-1965) called for outlawing war by international consent and creating a universal public authority that would safeguard security, justice, and human rights. In their encyclicals, Pope John XXIII, Pope Benedict XVI, and Pope Francis have stated that there is an urgent need for a true world political authority that would be regulated by law, observe the principles of subsidiarity and solidarity, promote human development, manage globalization, and establish the common good. [Wikipedia; Black News 6FEB2022] |
Vatican; Rome; Italy |
Second Vatican Council |
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| 1974. 5 - 16 Nov |
The United Nations World Food Conference was held in Rome. [BW16p344]
The Bahá'í International Community delegates to this conference presented the brochure, One World, One People - A Bahá'í View.
See the statement presented by the Bahá'í International Community to the Conference. |
Rome; Italy |
United Nations; Bahai International Community |
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| 1990 (In the year) |
The Italian Association for Bahá'í Studies was established in Rome. [BINS232:5]
It lapsed in 1991 but was re-established in 1992. |
Rome; Italy; Europe |
Bahai Studies, Associations for |
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| 1998. 17 Jul |
The International Criminal Court was established by the Rome Statue on this date and put into force by the United Nations on 1 July, 2002.
The Rome Statute established four core international crimes: genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression. Those crimes "shall not be subject to any statute of limitations" (Article 29).
The ICC sits in the Netherlands at The Hague.
120 countries have signed on to the treaty. some countries that are not members are: USA, Russia, India, Israel, and China. [Encyclopaedia Britannica] |
Rome; Italy; The Hague; Netherlands |
International Criminal Court |
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from the Main Catalogue
- Extract from Brochure "One World, One People - A Bahá'í View", by Bahá'í International Community (1974). Short selection from a brochure presented by the Baha’i International Community to delegates attending the United Nations World Population Conference and World Food Conference in 1974. [about]
- This Gem-Studded Crown: A Dramatic Sketch, by Sarah Munro and Sofie Geschier (2017). Fictional dialogue of the first of eight actual meetings between Martha Root and Queen Marie of Romania, in January 1926. [about]
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