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Translations and PublicationsThere are multiple translations by Shoghi Effendi with slight variants, published in many forms: the first in 1923 (London, 'Hidden Words, Words of Wisdom, Prayers', see also The Bahá'í World vol. 2 57-9), the second in 1924, the third in 1925, the fourth in 1929 (slightly revised in 1932?) with a final revision in 1954.An earlier translation of the Arabic sections is in Kheirella and McNutt, 1900. E.G. Browne translated parts in Browne, 'TN' in 1891; Amin Fareed translated and published it in 1905 (Collins 1.70-1.73); Stannard in 1921 (Collins 1.53, includes original); Fareed in 1931 (see Collins 1.3). In the foreword to Shoghi Effendi's 1925 edition, he writes: "The present edition of Hidden Words is a somewhat free translation primarily intended for devotional purposes. For a more literal translation, with notes explanatory of Oriental mystical terms and references, readers are referred to the edition published in Cairo under the direction Mrs. Stannard in 1921. There is a French translation by Dreyfus in Oeuvre1. Mahouf, 'Unveiling the Hidden Words' (George Ronald, 1997) appendix 3 provides parallel translations by Kheiralla, Fareed and Stannard for A1--A20. See Mahouf for further information on the history of publication and translation especially regarding the translation norms of the Arabic section (see also Malouf "The Hidden Words of Bahá'u'lláh: Translation Norms Employed by Shoghi Effendi," in Vision of Shoghi Effendi). Hofman 'George Townshend' 56-59, 78-79 discusses Townshend's role in Shoghi Effendi's translations. Discussion and translations of individual sections of The Hidden WordsIntroduction: comments Stephen Lambden "The Word Bahá': The Quintessence of the Greatest Name of God" in JBS 8:2 (1997-1998) [republished from Bahá'í Studies Review 3.1 (1993)] 38, available online in two drafts, one at bahai-library.com/lambden_quintessence_greatest_name and one at bahai-library.com/lambden_encyclopedia_greatest_name.
Bahá'u'lláh and `Abdu'l-Bahá often cite sections, for instance in the Tablet to the Shah and the Sahifiy-i Shattiyyih. Their use of citations may illuminate the meaning so these should be included here.
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