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date	event	locations	tags	see also
1911 (In the year)	A group of Bahá'ís developed in South Africa. [A Brief Account of the Bahá'í Faith in Africa Since 1953 by Nance Ororo-Robarts and Selam Ahderrom p2]	South Africa	Statistics
1920 Jul-Aug	Fanny Knobloch, the first Bahá'í teacher in South Africa, arrived in Cape Town. [BW2:40]. In her first week she met Miss Busby who within a very short time is the first person to become a Bahá'í in South Africa.	Cape Town; South Africa	Fanny Knobloch
1924 Dec	Martha Root gave the first African radio broadcast about the Bahá'í Faith, in Capetown.	Capetown; Africa	Marth Root; radio	find ref
1925 Jan	The Spiritual Assembly of Alexandria was established, the second assembly to be formed in Africa.	Alexandria; Africa	Local Spiritual Assembly
1929 Sep	Shoghi Effendi sailed from England to Cape Town and proceeded overland to Cairo. [PP180–1, SETPE1p163] He travelled through East Africa passing through Rhodesia where he visited the grave of Cecil Rhodes and further north in Rhodesia to see the Victoria Falls. He rode as a passenger with an English hunter through part of East Africa and travelled on a train for some five hundred miles. He crossed the Nile River through a papyrus swamp on a ferry. He was back in Haifa by October. [SETPE1p163]	United Kingdom; Cape Town; South Africa; Cairo; Egypt; Africa	Shoghi Effendi, Life of; Shoghi Effendi, Travels of; Shoghi Effendi, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded
1940 28 Jul	Shoghi Effendi, Rúhíyyih Khánum and Sutherland Maxwell left England for South Africa aboard the SS Capetown Castle. It was Mr Maxwell's close friendship with the Canadian High Commissioner in London, Vincent Massey, that helped them secure the sea passage. [PP180] They departed Southhampton just three days before the German High Command issued an order to the Luftwaffe to establish air superiority along the British Channel coast in preparation for the invasion of England. This resulted in the bombing and strafing of all civilian shipping out of British Channel ports. Risking U-Boat attacks the ship took them to Durban where they found that all flights to Khartoum had been booked by the military. They left Mr. Maxwell in Durban to await a flight to Khartoum while Shoghi Effendi and Rúhíyyih Khánum tried to make their way to Khartoum overland. The trip across Africa took them to Stanleyville, Congo; Juba in the Sudan; down the Nile to Khartoum and back to Palestine through Cairo. [PP180–1, TG159] They arrived in Kisangani then Stanleyville a few weeks later (July 28, 1940), stayed for a week at the Stanley Hotel and made an excursion in the virgin forest. On the way to Juba, the Guardian also stayed in the village of Nia-Nia. [bahai.org]	United Kingdom; Africa; South Africa; Congo; Sudan; Egypt	Shoghi Effendi, Life of; Shoghi Effendi, Travels of; Amatul-Baha Ruhiyyih Khanum; Amatul-Baha Ruhiyyih Khanum, Journeys of; Sutherland Maxwell; World War II; Shoghi Effendi, Basic timeline; - Basic timeline, Expanded
1950 (In the year)	By this year the Bahá’í population of Black Africa was probably no more than 12. [BBRSM190–1]	Africa	Statistics
1950 Apr	Shoghi Effendi announced the Africa Campaign (1951-1953) in a cable to the British National Convention. [BW12:52; UD245–6] The British community was to lead the campaign supported by the Bahá’ís of the United States and Egypt. [UD245] The object was to open the Faith to three countries, Gold Coast, Tanganyika and Uganda. Shoghi Effendi termed it "the first International collaboration plan in Bahá'í history. (CG157, 159] For the objectives of the campaign see UD245–6. For the importance of the enterprise see UD260–3. The plan was to be launched after a year’s respite but the British Bahá’ís begin to implement the plan immediately. [CB317] At the time of the Campaign there was "...since the days of the Blessed Beauty and up to the early 1950s, the activities of the friends in Africa had produced the formation of one National Spiritual Assembly with its seat in Cairo, Egypt, the opening of 12 countries to the light of the Faith, and some 50 localities established throughout its vast lands. It was at such a time that the beloved Guardian ushered in the first African Teaching Plan" [Message from the Universal House of Justice To the Friends gathered at the Bahá’í International Conference at Lagos dated 19 August, 1982 ; The UK Bahá'í Journal/History] The first to arise for the Campaign was Claire Gung who departed from England on the Warwick Castle on the 3rd of January, 1951 bound for Tanganyika. [CG13, 26] Others who pioneered were: Philip Hainsworth, Uganda, June 1951; Hasan and Isobel Sabri, Tanganyika, July 1951; and Ted Cardell, Kenya, October 1951.	Africa; United Kingdom; United States; Egypt	Teaching Plans; Africa Campaign; Claire Gung; Philip Hainsworth; Hasan Sabri; Isobel Sabri; Ted Cardell
1951 Ridván	Several National Spiritual Assemblies-Britain, Egypt, India, Iran and the United States, joined forces in their first collaborative teaching effort called the Africa Campaign (1951-1953). [Ruhi 8.2 p46, BBRSM158, MBW135-140] See also UD261 for the significance of the Africa Campaign. See Bahá'í Communities by Country: Research Notes by Graham Hassall for further details of the Plan.	Africa; United Kingdom; United States; Egypt; India; Iran	Teaching Plans; Africa Campaign
1951 2 or 3 Aug	The establishment of the Faith in Uganda with the arrival of Mr. Músá Banání, his wife Samí'ih Banání, their daughter, Mrs. Violette and her husband, Mr. Ali Nakhjavani, of Iran, with their baby daughter Bahiyyih, and Mr. Philip Hainsworth who arrived in Kampala from England. [Wiki Bahá'í Uganda] See BWNS135 for an account of the celebration of 50 years of the Faith in Uganda and the accomplishments.	Kampala; Uganda; Africa	Musa Banani; Violette Nakhjavani; Ali Nakhjavani; Bahiyyih Nakhjavani; Philip Hainsworth; Samiih Banani
1953 12–18 Feb	The first Intercontinental Teaching Conference was convened by the British National Spiritual Assembly in Kampala, Uganda. [BW12:121, MBW135-140; BN No 267 May 1953 p5-7] For Shoghi Effendi’s message to the conference see BW12:121–4. For a report of the conference see BW12:124–30. It was attended by ten Hands of the Cause, Bahá’ís from 19 countries and representatives of over 30 tribes. [PP413] Over a hundred new African believers attended as personal guests of the Guardian. [PP413] With this conference the Ten Year World Crusade was launched. [BBRSM158–9; BW12:253; MBW41] Picture. [BW12p118] See some candid video footage taken by Ted Cardell.	Kampala; Uganda; Africa	Hands of the Cause; Hands of the Cause, Activities; Guardianship; Conferences, Bahai; Conferences, Teaching; Conferences, Intercontinental; Ten Year Crusade; Teaching; First conferences
1953 6 Jun	‘Izzatu’lláh Zahrá’í (Ezzat Zahrai) arrived in Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) and was named a Knight of Bahá’u’lláh. [BW13:456]	Zimbabwe; Africa	Knights of Bahaullah
1953 Sep	The arrival of Knight of Bahá'u'lláh Enayat Sohaili in Nyasaland (now known as Malawi) [BWNS240]	Nyasaland (Malawi); Africa	Knights of Bahaullah; BWNS
1953 20 Sep	The arrival of Knight of Bahá'u'lláh Mr. Max Kanyerezi in Middle Congo (now called Republic of Congo). At this time the country was, together with the Central African Republic (CAR), Chad, and Gabon, part of a much larger French territory called the Federation of French Equatorial Africa which was dissolved in 1958. [BWNS246; A Brief Account of the Progress of the Bahá'í Faith in Africa Since 1953 by Nancy Oloro-Robarts and Selam Ahderom p8] Max and his wife Florence later moved back to Uganda where he had been raised. [CG106-107]	Republic of Congo; Africa	Knights of Bahaullah; BWNS
1953 Oct	Max Kanyerezi, a Ugandan, was brought to Brazzaville by Violette and ‘Alí Nakhjavání and was named a Knight of Bahá’u’lláh for French Equatorial Africa. [BW13:451]	Brazzaville; French Equatorial Africa	Violette Nakhjavani; Ali Nakhjavani; Knights of Bahaullah; Max Kanyerezi
1953 Oct	‘Amín Battáh, an Egyptian, arrived in Río de Oro (Western Sahara) and was named a Knight of Bahá’u’lláh. [BW13:455]	Western Sahara; Africa	Knights of Bahaullah; Amin Battah
1953 Oct	Edmund (‘Ted’) Cardell arrived in Windhoek and wss named a Knight of Bahá’u’lláh for South West Africa (Namibia). [BW13:456] He was later joined by his wife Alicia and the first German Bahá’ís to pioneer to Africa, Martin and Gerda Aiff and their children. In 1955 Hilifa Andreas Nekundi, (also known as Tate Hilifa), was the first Namibian to become a Bahá'í. Mr. Nekundi later served on the first Local Spiritual Assembly of the Baha'is of Windhoek, and the National Spiritual Assembly of the Baha'is of Namibia. [BWNS280]	Windhoek; West Africa (Namibia); Namibia	Knights of Bahaullah; Ted Cardell; Alicia Cardell; Martin Aiff; Gerda Aiff; Hilifa Andreas Nekundi; Tate Hilifa)
1953 Late in the year	‘Abdu’l-Karím Amín Khawja became a Bahá’í in Algeria, the first person to accept the Faith in that country.	Algeria; Africa	First Bahais by country or area	find reference
1954 (In the year)	The arrival in Zimbabwe (formerly Southern Rhodesia) of Knights of Bahá'u'lláh Izzat'u'llah Zahrai, Douglas Kadenhe, Nura Faridian (now Steiner), Enayat and Iran Sohaili, Shidan Fat'he-Aazam (later member of the Continental Board of Counsellors for Africa) and his wife Florence. [BWNS275]	Zimbabwe; Africa	Knights of Bahaullah; BWNS
1954 (In the year)	The arrival of Knight of Bahá'u'lláh Ted Cardell in South West Africa (now called Namibia). [BWNS280]	South West Africa (Namibia); Namibia	Knights of Bahaullah; BWNS
1954 Jan	The arrival of Knight of Bahá'u'lláh Abdu'l Rahman Zarqani, in the Seychelles. [BWNS272]	Seychelles; Africa	Knights of Bahaullah; Islands; BWNS
1954 Jan	John and Audrey Robarts with their two younger children, Patrick and Tina, left Toronto for their pioneer post in Mafeking (later Mafikeng), Buchuanaland (later Botswana and formerly Bophuthatswana). Older children Aldham and Gerald pioneered to Nigeria and a homefront post respectively. [LOF485-6; CBN No48 January 1954 p11] Later the same year he was appointed to the newly established Auxiliary Board by Hand of the Cause of God Músá Banání. They returned to Canada some 13 years later. [LOF486, 491]	Canada; Botswana; Nigeria; Africa	John Robarts; Auxiliary Board Members
1954 15 Jan	‘Abdu’l-Rahmán Zarqání, from India, arrived in the Seychelles and was named a Knight of Bahá’u’lláh. [BW13:455]	Seychelles; Africa; India	Knights of Bahaullah
1954 Apr	The arrival of Knight Mr. Enoch Olinga in British Cameroon. [BWNS291]	British Cameroon; Africa	Knights of Bahaullah; Enoch Olinga; BWNS
1954 Apr	Habíb Isfahání arrived in Dakar and was named a Knight of Bahá’u’lláh for French West Africa. [BW13:452]	Dakar; French West Africa	Habib Isfahani; Knights of Bahaullah
1954 2 May	Mavis Nymon and Vivian Wesson, both Americans, arrived in French Togoland and were named Knights of Bahá’u’lláh. [BW13:451]	Togo; Africa	Knights of Bahaullah
1954 Second half of the year	The first Somali to become a Bahá’í in Djibouti, ‘Alí ‘Abdu’lláh, a 21-year old employee of a commercial firm, enrolled.	Djibouti; Somalia; Africa	First Bahais by country or area	find reference
1954. 12 Jul	The first South African to become a Bahá'í enrolled in the Faith on this day. [That Promising Continent 20]	Pretoria; South Africa	First Bahais by country or area
1955 (In the year)	Labíb Isfahání arrived in Abidjan, French West Africa, from Dakar, the first Bahá’í to settle in what is now the Ivory Coast.	Abidjan; French West Africa	Habib Isfahani; First Bahais by country or area
1955 Jan	Dorothy Senne became the first Bahá'í in South Africa. [BWNS270]	South Africa	Dorothy Senne; BWNS
1955 c. Jan	The first Tswana Bahá’í, Stanlake Kukama, enrolled in Mafikeng.	Mafikeng; South Africa	First believers by background
1956 Jan	The first Bahá’í pioneer in what is now the Central African Republic, Samson Nkeng, arrived in Bangui from the British Cameroons1	Central African Republic	Samson Nkeng; pioneer
1956 Ridván	The Regional Spiritual Assembly of South and West Africa was formed with its seat in Johannesburg, South Africa. The National Convention was held at the Sears farm. Those elected to serve were: John Allen, Festus Chembeni, Walter Dlamini, William Masehla, Robert Miller, Andrew Mofokeng, John Robarts, William Sears and Max Seepe. In January 1957 Walter Dlamini resigned and Marguerite Sears was elected to replace him. [BW13:284; MBW71-72; BN no608 November 1981 p11] Its area of jurisdiction was the Union of South Africa, Basutoland, Zululand, Swaziland, Bechuanaland, South West Africa, Angola, Northern Rhodesia, Southern Rhodesia, Nyasaland, Mozambique, Madagascar, Réunion Island, Mauritius and St Helena Island. See the Guardian's message to this Assembly. [That Promising Continent 28-29]	Johannesburg; South Africa	National Spiritual Assembly, formation
1956 Ridván	In his message to the four African Conventions for the National Spiritual Assemblies of Central and East Africa, North East Africa, North-West Africa, and South and West Africa, the Guardian announced that there were "over three thousand avowed supporters, five-sixths of whom belong to the Negro race, scattered throughout more than fifty territories and islands, and residing in over four hundred localities. Representatives of no less than one hundred and forty of its tribes have, moreover, enlisted under the banner of the Faith. Over a hundred and twenty Bahá'í Local Assemblies are already functioning throughout its territories. Into more than fifty of its indigenous languages Bahá'í literature has been and is being translated. The process of incorporating the newly formed Local Assemblies has furthermore been inaugurated. A National Administrative Headquarters has been established in each one of its four pivotal centres, while three Temple sites situated within its confines have been recently purchased, on one of which the Mother Temple of Africa is soon to be erected." [That Promising Continent 24-26]	Africa	Statistics
1958 23–28 Jan	The first Intercontinental Conference held at the mid-point of the Crusade convened in Kampala, Uganda. [BW13:317] Hand of the Cause Amatu’l-Bahá Rúhíyyih Khánum, who had been designated by the Guardian as his representative, attended, accompanied by Dr Lutfu’lláh Hakím. For the message of the Custodians to the conference see MC56–60. For a report of the conference see BW13:317.	Kampala; Uganda; Africa	Amatul-Baha Ruhiyyih Khanum; Lutfullah Hakim; Conferences, Bahai; Conferences, Teaching; Conferences, Intercontinental; Ten Year Crusade; First conferences
1961 8 Jul	The Custodians announced that mass conversion had begun in Ceylon, Central and East Africa, and Bolivia, while in Canada native peoples had begun to enter the Faith. [MoC293]	Sri Lanka; Africa; Bolivia; Canada	Custodians; Mass conversion; Native Americans; First Nations
1962 Mar	Aboubacar Kâ, a school teacher and the first Senegalese known to become a Bahá’í, enrolled.	Senegal; Africa	First Bahais by country or area
1962. 20 Jul	The passing of Harlan Foster Ober (b. October 6, 1881 in Beverly, Massachusetts) in Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa. He had graduated from Harvard University in 1905 with a B.A. and later obtained a law degree from Northeastern University in Boston. Harlan Ober became a Bahá'í at Green Acre in 1905. Another source said it was in the spring of 1906 in a room in the Commonwealth Hotel in Boston that he overcame his doubts while using a prayer and other literature given to him by Lua Getsinger. [LDNW23; 100-101; SBR120-121] Hooper Harris and Lua Getsinger's brother, Dr. William Moore, were selected to make a teaching trip to India. When Moore died suddenly Harlan Ober was chosen to replace him. As he had no funds for the trip Lua borrowed the money from Mr Hervey Lunt, the father of Alfred Lunt. [LGHC105] In 1906 he made a visit to 'Abdu'l-Bahá while He was still confined to prison. On the 17th of July, 1912 he married Grace Roberts (aunt of future Hand of the Cause John Robarts) in a ceremony conducted by the Reverend Howard Colby Ives at 209 West 78th Street in New York. When ‘Abdu’l-Bahá visited America in 1912 He had suggested that Grace Robarts and Harlan marry, and they both agreed with the match, with Harlan travelling to New York from Boston and proposing in Central Park after being informed of the suggestion by Lua Getsinger. ‘Abdu’l-Bahá performed the marriage ceremony in the room he was staying in in New York on July 17, 1912, and Howard Colby Ives later performed a legal ceremony. [SoW Vol 3 No 12 p14; Bahaipedia; The Jouney West, July 2012; Mother’s Stories: Stories of ‘Abdu’l-Bahá and Early Believers told by Muriel Ives Barrow Newhall to her son, p. 20] They adopted three children of English, German and Russian background. It was from their home in Cambridge, MA, from the office of the National Teaching Committee, that the first Teaching Bulletin was issued on November 19, 1919. This bulletin evolved to the US Baha'i News. He was closely involved with Race Unity work and made many teaching trips to the southern states with his friend Louis Gregory. He served on the Bahá'í Temple Unity Executive Board as president or secretary from 1918 to 1920. The work of this board was taken over by the National Spiritual Assembly when it was elected in 1922. In 1938 Harlan was elected to the National Spiritual Assembly of the United States and Canada and he served on it until 1941. Grace passed away in 1938, leaving Harlan widowed. He married his second wife, Dr Elizabeth Kidder Ober in Beverly, MA on the 21st of June, 1941. Shoghi Effendi was pleased with the way the marriage was conducted, without having any church ceremony or minister conduct the service. [BW13p869, 871] After their pilgrimage in 1956 Harlan and Elizabeth Ober travelled to South Africa where they helped form the first all-African Local Spiritual Assembly in Pretoria as had previously been request of them by the Guardian. They returned in December as pioneers. [BW13869] He was appointed to the Auxiliary Board for Protection in Africa in October of 1957 and served on the National Teaching Committee of South and West Africa for two years. He was buried in the Zandfontein Cemetery in Pretoria. [BW13p870; Find a grave] [Bahaipedia; BW13p869]	Beverly MA; United States; Pretoria; South Africa	Harlan Ober; Grace Robarts Ober; In Memoriam; US Bahai News; Race Unity; Elizabeth Kidder Ober; Elizabeth Ober; Auxiliary Board Members
1963. 20 Apr	The number of believers in East and Central Africa numbered well over 40.000 with half of these in the Congo. Similar growth could be seen in countries like British Cameroons, Ethiopia, and Northern Rhodesia. Bahá'ís now resided in well over 30 countries and territories, and consisted largely of tribal peoples that had entered the Faith through the combined efforts of international and native pioneers. The end of the Ten Year Crusade left Africa spiritually and politically transformed. Devoted individuals, operating in daunting conditions, had succeeded in establishing the Faith on the continent while preparing for the next phase in its advancement—continued large-scale expansion would be accompanied by the formation and strengthening of the foundational institutions of the Faith. [A Brief Account of the Progress of the Bahá'í Faith in Africa Since 1953 by Nancy Oloro-Robarts and Selam Ahderom p6-7]	Africa; Congo; British Cameroon; Ethiopia; Northern Rhodesia	Statistics; Shoghi Effendi, Works of
1964 Ridván	The National Spiritual Assembly of Uganda and Central Africa was formed with its seat in Kampala. [BW14p96] This Assembly had jurisdiction over the following countries: Uganda, Burundi, Rwanda, Congo Republic, (Leopoldville), Congo Republic, (Brazzaville), Gabon, Central African Republic, and Chad.	Kampala; Uganda; Burundi; Rwanda; Leopoldville; Congo Republic; Brazzaville; Gabon; Central African Republic; Chad	National Spiritual Assembly, formation
1966 12 Dec	The Hand of the Cause John Robarts departed Africa from Cape Town after a stay of nearly 13 years. They were recalled from their pioneer post by the Universal House of Justice to help Canada win the goals of the Nine Year Plan. The objective was to raise 154 local assemblies by 1973 but the count had fallen from 68 to only 50, eighteen less than the number won during the Ten Year Plan and 104 short of the objective. [LNW158]	Cape Town; South Africa; Canada	John Robarts; Hands of the Cause
1969. 5 Aug - 1970 11 Mar	The itinerary for the first leg of the Great African Safari was as follows: Aug 4 - 14, 1969, Uganda Aug 15 - Sept 1,1969, Kenya Sept 2 - 26, 1969, Tanzania (and Mafia Island) Sept 28 - Oct 14, 1969, Kenya Oct 15 - Nov 17, 1969, Ethiopia. See BW15p186-187 where it is reported that over a thousand new Bahá'ís joined the ranks. Nov 17 - Dec 2, 1969, Kenya Dec 3, 1969 - Jan 2,1970, Uganda Jan 3 - 12, 1970, Zaire (now Central African Republic) Jan 13 - 24, 1970, Zaire (now Central African Republic) Jan 25 - Feb 7, 1970, Chad Feb 8 - 10, 1970, Nigeria Feb 11 - 18, 1970, Niger Feb 19 - 26, 1970, Dahomey (now Benin) Feb 27 - Mar 1, 1970, Togo Mar 2 - 11, 1970, Ghana [BW15p606]	Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Mafia Island; Ethiopia; Central African Republic; Chad; Nigeria; Niger; Benin; Togo; Ghana	Amatul-Baha Ruhiyyih Khanum; Amatul-Baha Ruhiyyih Khanum, Journeys of; Violette Nakhjavani; Great African Safari
1970 19 – 21 Jun	Rúhíyyih Khánum interrupted her African teaching safari to meet with more than 2,000 youth at the National Youth Conference in the United States. [BW15:331; VV10]	United States; Africa	Amatul-Baha Ruhiyyih Khanum; Amatul-Baha Ruhiyyih Khanum, Journeys of; Conferences, Bahai; Conferences, Youth; Youth
1970 12 Nov	Bahá’ís in the Central African Republic were arrested at a meeting to commemorate the anniversary of the birth of Bahá’u’lláh and Bahá’í activities were banned when a disaffected Bahá’í denounced the Faith as a political movement to the authorities. [BW15:207]	Central African Republic	Persecution, Central African Republic; Persecution, Arrests; Persecution, Bans; Persecution
1971 (In the year)	The ‘Lake Victoria Plan’, a joint venture among the National Spiritual Assemblies of Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania and Burundi designed to carry the Faith to all the peoples and tribes living within Africa’s largest lake basin, was inaugurated at the suggestion of Hand of the Cause Dr Muhájir. [DM96–8]	Lake Victoria; Africa	Rahmatullah Muhajir; Hands of the Cause; Hands of the Cause, Activities
1971 13 Feb	Following the ban imposed by the government of the Central African Republic on Bahá’í activities in November 1970 and subsequent representations made by the international Bahá’í lawyer Dr Aziz Navidi, the ban was lifted and the Bahá’í Faith officially recognized. This was broadcast in every news bulletin on government radio for the next 24 hours, the first public proclamation of the Bahá’í Faith in the country. See also A Brief Account of the Progress of the Bahá'í Faith in Africa Since 1953 by Nancy Oloro-Robarts and Selam Ahderom p8].	Central African Republic	Persecution, Central African Republic; Persecution, Bans; Persecution; Firsts, Other; Recognition
1971 Ridván	The National Spiritual Assembly of the Central African Republic was formed with its seat in Bangui. [BW15:207] For picture see BW15:148 and bahai.org.	Central African Republic	National Spiritual Assembly, formation
1971. 6 Aug - 31 May 1972	Hand of the Cause Amatu’l-Bahá Rúhíyyih Khánum and her companion, Violette Nakhjavání, arrived in Ghana, at the start of the third leg of the ‘Great African Safari’. [BW15:594–607] The itinerary was as follows: Aug 6 - 10, 1971, Ghana Aug 11 - Sept 6, 1971, Dahomey (now Benin) Sept 7 - Oct 4, 1971, Nigeria Oct 5 - Nov 2, 1971, Cameroon Republic By sea? Dec 11, 1971 - Jan 31, 1972, Zaire (now Central African Republic) Feb 1 - Mar 9, 1972, Zambia Mar 10 - 31, 1972, Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) [BW15p606-607]	Accra; Ghana; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Central African Republic; Zambia; Zimbabwe	Amatul-Baha Ruhiyyih Khanum; Amatul-Baha Ruhiyyih Khanum, Journeys of; Violette Nakhjavani; Great African Safari
1972. 11 May - 24 Feb 1973	Hand of the Cause Amatu’l-Bahá Rúhíyyih Khánum and her companion, Violette Nakhjavání, arrived in Rhodesia (now Harare, Zimbabwe), at the start of the fourth leg of the ‘Great African Safari’. This leg of the tour ended in Kenya. [BW15:594–607] The itinerary was as follows: May 11 - Jun 8, 1972, Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) June 4, 1972, Zambia June 9 - 28, 1972, Botswana June 29 - July 6, 1972, Republic of South Africa July 7 - 11, 1972, South West Africa (Namibia) July 12 - 19, 1972, Republic of South Africa July 19 - Aug 4, 1972, Lesotho Aug 4 - 14, 1972, Republic of South Africa Aug 15 - Sept 19, 1972, Swaziland Sept 20 - 21, 1972, Mozambique Sept 22 - 23, 1972, Swaziland Sept 24 - 27, 1972, Republic of South Africa Oct 2 - 10, 1972, Kenya Oct 11 - Nov 2,1972, Malawi Nov 3 - 8, 1972, Kenya Nov 9 - 24, 1972, Seychelles Nov 25 - Dec 12, 1972, Kenya Dec 5 - 18, 1972, Rwanda Dec 13 - 14, 1972, Tanzania (And Mafia Island) Dec 19, 1972 - Jan 13, 1973, Zaire (now Central African Republic) Jan 14 - 22,1973, Rwanda Jan 23 - 24, 1973, Burundi Jan 25 - Feb 2, 1973, Tanzania (And Mafia Island) Feb 2 - 24, 1973, Kenya [BW15p606-607]	Harare; Zimbabwe; Zambia; Botswana; South Africa; Namibia; Lesotho; Swaziland; Mozambique; Malawi; Nairobi; Kenya; Seychelles; Rwanda; Tanzania; Mafia Island; Burundi	Amatul-Baha Ruhiyyih Khanum; Amatul-Baha Ruhiyyih Khanum, Journeys of; Violette Nakhjavani; Great African Safari
1972 29 - 31 Dec	The first West African Bahá’í Youth conference was held in The Gambia. The Continental Board of Counsellors sponsored the first West African Bahá’í Youth Conference in conjunction with the National Spiritual Assembly of Upper West Africa. The Conference was held in The Gambia on the campus of Yundum College some fifteen miles from the capital city of Bathurst. Youth representing nine countries in this zone attended: Nigeria, Upper Volta, Ghana, Liberia, Mali, Sierra Leone, The Gambia, Senegal and Mauritania, plus pioneers originating from the United States, Mauritius, Malaysia, Iran, and friiq. A young Bahá’í from Sweden was able to greet the friends during a brief stop on a boat cruise. Counsellors Mr. H. R. Ardikani and Dr. William Maxwell Jr., were present as well as six of their Auxiliary Board members, Mr. Amos Agwu, Mr. Muhammad Al-Salihi, Mrs. H. Vera Edwards, Mr. Friday Ekpe, Mr. Shidan Kouchekzadeh and Dr. B. Sadiqzadeh. A total of fifty-six persons attended. [Bahá'í News 504]	Banjul (Bathurst); Gambia, The; Africa	Conferences, Bahai; Conferences, Youth; Youth; First conferences
1973 Feb	Hand of the Cause Amatu’l-Bahá Rúhíyyih Khánum and her companion Violette Nakhjavání completed their tour of Africa. For details of the safari see BW15:593–607. They drove some 36,000 miles to visit more than 30 countries. [BW15:596; VV12] See BW15:606–7 for the countries, islands and territories visited and the heads of state and other dignitaries who received them.	Africa; Haifa	Amatul-Baha Ruhiyyih Khanum; Amatul-Baha Ruhiyyih Khanum, Journeys of; Violette Nakhjavani; Great African Safari
1973 1 Apr	The Bahá’ís of the Central African Republic broadcasted the first of their weekly radio programs on Radio Bangui. The Bahá’í community along with the other major religions in the country was accorded the privilege of presenting weekly radio broadcasts over Radio Bangui, whose programmes reach not only all of the Central African Republic but the neighbouring countries of Equatorial Africa as well. The first programme was entitled “What is the Bahá’í Faith?” and was presented by Gbaguene Robert and Toleque-Koy Michel. [BW16:141] See also...A Brief Account of the Progress of the Bahá'í Faith in Africa Since 1953 by Nancy Oloro-Robarts and Selam Ahderom p10-11]	Central African Republic	Radio; Firsts, Other
1975 (End of the year)	The Bahá’ís of the Central African Republic began to televise regular semi-weekly programmes. [BW16:141]	Central African Republic	Radio
1976 9 – 11 Jul	An International Youth Conference was held in Ivory Coast, attended by nearly 200 Bahá’ís. [BW17:150, 153]	Ivory Coast; Africa	Conferences, Bahai; Conferences, International; Conferences, Youth; Youth
1976 15 – 17 Oct	An International Teaching Conference was held in Nairobi, Kenya, attended by 1,363 Bahá’ís. [BW17:81; VV33] For the message of the Universal House of Justice see BW17:133–4. For pictures see BW17:110, 119–21.	Nairobi; Kenya; Africa	Conferences, Bahai; Conferences, Teaching; Conferences, International; Teaching
1977 12 – 14 Aug	An International Bahá’í Youth Conference was held in Enugu, Nigeria, attended by over 250 Bahá’ís from 19 countries. [BW17:150, 153]	Enugu; Nigeria; Africa	Conferences, Bahai; Conferences, Youth; Youth
1978 Aug	An International Bahá’í Youth Conference was held in Yaoundé, Cameroon, attended by some 380 Bahá’ís from 19 countries. [BW17:150, 153]	Yaounde; Cameroon; Africa	Conferences, Bahai; Conferences, Youth; Youth
1978 28 – 30 Dec	The West African Bahá’í Women’s Conference was held in Monrovia, Liberia with the theme, "Spiritual Education of Women-The Foundation of a New Human Society". [BW17:154] Delegates from sixteen countries attended. It was attended by 150 women and 50 men. Keynote speaker was Dr. Jane Faily, Consultant to the Bahá'í International Community's representative to the United Nations and a clinical psychologist associated with the University of Ottawa. [BN 136 April, 1979 pg10-15]	Monrovia; Liberia; Africa	Women; Conferences, Bahai; Conferences, Women; Conferences, International; Jane Faily; Bahai International Community
1979. 21 Mar	The General Assembly of the United Nations adopted a programme of activities to be undertaken during the second half of the Decade for Action to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination. On that occasion, the General Assembly decided that a week of solidarity with the peoples struggling against racism and racial discrimination, beginning on 21 March, would be organized annually in all States. The International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination is observed annually on the day the police in Sharpeville, South Africa, opened fire and killed 69 people at a peaceful demonstration against apartheid "pass laws" in 1960. [United Nations website. Sharpville Massacre on 21 March 1960. This is a day which is commemorated each year in South Africa.	Sharpville; South Africa	United Nations; International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination; Racism
1981 Ridván	The National Spiritual Assembly of Bophuthatswana was formed with its seat in Mmabatho. [BW18:107, 163; BN no606 November 1981 p10] It was a Bantustan or nominally independent state established within South Africa. The South African government abolished Bantustans in 1994 and the Assembly of Bophuthatswana was disbanded in 1995 with the community falling under the administration of the National Spiritual Assembly of South Africa. [National Spiritual Assemblies: Lists and years of formation by Graham Hassall]	Mmabatho; Bophuthatswana; South Africa	National Spiritual Assembly, formation
1982 Nov	The West African Centre for Bahá’í Studies was established in Nigeria. [BW18:167; BW19:366] For a report of its activities see BW19:366–7.	Nigeria; Africa	Bahai studies
1983 17 Jul	The passing of Counsellor William Mmutle Masetlha (b.February 21, 1921 in Sophiatown, a township of Johannesburg) in Dube (Soweto), South Africa. [BW19p607-608] He became a Bahá'í in 1954 and served on local assemblies, the first National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of South and West Africa, on the Auxiliary Board and in 1976 was appointed as a Counsellor. [Bahá'í Chronicles] Founded in 1995, the William Mmutle Masetlha Foundation (WMMF) is a Bahá'í organization that supports education and vocational training initiatives in Zambia. Its parent organization, the Masetlha Institute, was founded in 1983 and offers community-based education in areas including literacy and health, as well as spirituality. One of the WMMF’s initiatives, the Banani International Secondary School, is a residential girls’ school specializing in science and agriculture; in 2003, the Banani School was ranked among the top 100 African secondary schools. WMMF is also partnering with FUNDAEC (Foundation for the Application and Teaching of the Sciences) to develop a secondary education/vocational training preparation program for rural youth.	Sophiatown; Johannesburg; Dube; Soweto; South Africa	In Memoriam; Mmutle Masetlha; Auxiliary Board Members
1985 5 – 8 Apr	An International Youth Conference to support the United Nations International Youth Year was held in Bophuthatswana, attended by 198 people. [BW19:300]	Bophuthatswana; South Africa; Africa	Conferences, Bahai; Conferences, Youth; Conferences, International; Youth; International Youth Year
1985 Aug	An International Youth Conference to support the United Nations International Youth Year was held in Molepolole, Botswana, attended by 119 youth from six countries. [BW19:300] For picture see BW19:320.	Molepolole; Botswana; Africa	Conferences, Bahai; Conferences, Youth; Conferences, International; Youth; International Youth Year
1987 (In the year)	The first Pygmy local spiritual assembly in the Central African Republic was formed. [BINS173:1]	Central African Republic	Local Spiritual Assembly
1987. 27 Mar	A National Spiritual Assembly with its seat in Johannesburg had been in existence continually since 1956. The first Assembly for this region was the National Spiritual Assembly of South and West Africa which included several other countries and territories. The name of the Assembly was changed on this date to the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of South Africa. [BW20p548]	Johannesburg; South Africa	National Spiritual Assembly, formation
1988 (In the year)	The Bahá’í International Community became a founding member of ‘Advocates for African Food Security: Lessening the Burden for Women, a coalition of agencies and organizations formed to act on behalf of farm women in Africa, and is convener for 1988–92.	Africa	Bahai International Community; Rural development; Social and economic development; Women
1989 (In the year)	Three International Music Festivals were held in Africa. [BINS215]	Africa	Festivals, Music; Music; Arts
1989 21 – 22 Oct	The Southern African Bahá’í Association for the Advancement of Women was formed in Johannesburg. [BINS210:8]	Johannesburg; South Africa	Women
1989 25 – 29 Dec	The first International Bahá’í Summer School of Bophuthatswana was held at the Pilanesberg National Game Reserve, attended by 263 people from 12 countries. [BINS215:1–2]	Bophuthatswana; South Africa	Summer schools; First summer and winter schools
1990 (In the year)	An Association for Bahá'í Studies was established in Kenya.	Kenya; Africa	Bahai Studies, Associations for
1990 (In the year)	The National Spiritual Assembly of South Africa made a submission for the drafting of a new constitution. The judge that received it, the President of the South African Law Commission, commented that this document stated the Bahá’ís were the only group whose ideas had a spiritual and moral basis for the constitution. [AWH87-8]	South Africa	National Spiritual Assembly; Constitutions
1991 20 Jan	The first World Religion Day to be held in Bophuthatswana took place in Mmabatho. [BINS 244:1]	Mmabatho; Bophuthatswana; South Africa	World Religion Day
1993 13 Mar	Three Bahá'ís were assassinated at the Bahá'í Centre in Mdantsane, Ciskei, in a racially-motivated attack. [BW93–4:147–50]	Mdantsane; Ciskei; South Africa	Assassinations; Racism
1994 Mar 13	The murder of four Bahá'is, three adults and one youth, at the Bahá'í Centre in Mdantsane, Ciskel. Killed were Dr. Shamam Bakhshandegi, Houshmand Anvari and Vincent and Rias Razavi. The perpetrators were granted amnesty for the killings in May 2002. [BW93-4p147-150, 16 May 2000, SCBC, press release]	Mdantsane; Ciskei; South Africa	Opposition; Murders; Amnesty (general)
1995. Ridván	The Bahá’í communities of Bophuthatswana, Ciskei, South Africa, and Transkei were merged into one community under the jurisdiction of the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of South Africa, to reflect the political reunion of that region. [BW24p29; BW24p44]	Bophuthatswana; Ciskei; South Africa; Transkei	National Spiritual Assembly, formation
1999. 12 - 14 Jan	During the World Faiths Development Dialogue continuation in Johannesburg, Matt Weinberg, director of research for the Office of Public Information of the Bahá'í International Community, presented a statement Religious Values and the Measurement of Poverty and Prosperity that addressed the question of how to measure the application of spiritual principles in development. [One Country]	Johannesburg; South Africa	World Faiths Development Dialogue (WFDD); Bahai International Community; Matt Weinberg; BIC statements
2001 31 Aug – 8 Sep	The third United Nations World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance, was held in Durban, South Africa. The conference was also known as Durban I. The BIC was one of nearly two thousand NGOs present at the NGO forum. The conference itself was fraught with challenges that demonstrated the complexity of these issues and the sensitivity they must be addressed for meaningful change to occur. The BIC participated in the Religious, the Spiritual and the International NGO caucuses; it had an exhibition booth and distributed the statement entitled One Same Substance: Consciously Creating a Global Culture of Unity which provided an outline of the efforts Bahais are doing towards this goal. [One Country] See as well BWNS133 for the full text. UN website	Durban; South Africa	United Nations; Racism; Discrimination; Bahai International Community; UNESCO
2001 16 Dec	The passing of Knight of Bahá'u'lláh Philip Hainsworth (b. 27 July 1919) at the age of 82 in Sevenoaks, Kent, England. Shoghi Effendi had described him as "the spiritual Stanley of Africa". [BW01-02p304-305] He was a member of the National Assembly of Central and East Africa from 1956 to 1966 and served on the National Spiritual Assembly of the British Isles for a total of 32 years. Looking Back in Wonder is the autobiography of Mr Hainsworth and his wife Lois. His other publications were: Bahá'í Focus on Human Rights The Bahá'í Faith by Mary Perkins and Philip Hainsworth Bahá'í Focus on Peace Historical Dictionary of the Bahá'í Faith by Hugh C. Adamson and Philip Hainsworth	Sevenoaks; Kent; United Kingdom; Africa	Philip Hainsworth; In Memoriam; Births and deaths; Names and titles
2002 26 Aug – 4 Sep	World Summit on Sustainable Development, a United Nations conference in Johannesburg, South Africa. The Bahá'í International Community issued a statement, entitled Religion and Development at the Crossroads: Convergence or Divergence?. [BWNS169, BWNS170] For the full text and footnotes see: BIC Web Site.	Johannesburg; South Africa	United Nations; Sustainable Development; Bahai International Community; BIC statements; Statements; Publications; BWNS; BIC statements
2008 8 – 9 Nov	Regional Conferences were held in Nakuru, Kenya and Johannesburg, South Africa. [BWNS668] Nakuru. [Bahá'í Community News] Johannesbury. [Bahá'í Community News]	Nakuru; Kenya; Johannesburg; South Africa	Regional Conferences; BWNS
2008 15 – 16 Nov	Regional Conferences were held in Bangui, Central African Republic, Bangalore, India and Uvira, Democratic Republic of the Congo, [BWNS669]	Bangui; Central African Republic; Bangalore; India; Uvira; Congo, Democratic Republic of (DRC)	Regional Conferences; BWNS
2016 (End of the Five Year Plan)	The Preparation for Social Action programme that was implemented at the beginning of the Five Year Plan was expanded to seven additional countries: Cambodia, Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ecuador, Panama, the Philippines and Vanuatu. Over 10,000 had participated in the programme with about 1,800 among these who had studied all of the texts available. In addition some 1,700 individuals serving institutions and agencies of the Fatih in 25 countries had studied a selection the the materials in a seminar setting. [5YPSumPage94-95] Preparation for Social Action was implemented as a course of study at the New Era High School and Senior Secondary in Panchgani.	Cambodia; Central African Republic; Congo, Democratic Republic of (DRC); Ecuador; Panama; Philippines; Vanuatu	Five Year Plan (2011-2016); Teaching Plans; Preparation for Social Action
2017 1 Aug	The release of the film The Cost of Discrimination by Arash Azizi and Maziar Bahari which compared the social costs of discrimination in present day Iran to South Africa under the apartheid regime where, like in Iran, the Dutch Reform Church used their Holy Texts to justify the suppressive measures taken against people of "non-European" origin.	South Africa; Iran	Film; Documentaries; Cost of Discrimination; Arash Azizi; Maziar Bahari; Discrimination; Christianity; Islam; Persecution, Iran; Persecution

from the Chronology Canada

date	event	locations	tags	see also
1954 Jan	John and Audrey Robarts with their two younger children, Patrick and Tina, left Toronto for their pioneer post in Mafeking (later Mafikeng), Bechuanaland (later Botswana and formerly Bophuthatswana). Older children Aldham and Gerald pioneered to Nigeria and a homefront post respectively. [LOF485-6] Upon departure, as they passed through Montreal, Rosemary Sala presented 13-year-old Tina with a large box containing 21 individually wrapped presents to be opened, one per day, on their 21-day sea voyage. [TG121] Later the same year he was appointed to the newly established Auxiliary Board by Hand of the Cause of God Músá Banání. They returned to Canada some 13 years later. [LOF486, 491]	Canada; Botswana; Nigeria; Africa	Hand of the Cause; John Robarts, Audrey Robarts; Patrick Robarts; Tina Robarts; Gerald Robarts; Auxiliary Board Members

from the Main Catalogue

1970-1995: Newspaper articles archive (1970). Collection of newspaper articles from 1970-1995. [about]
A Leaf of Honey and the Proverbs of the Rainforest, by Joseph Shepperd: Review, by Lin Poyer, in Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1:4 (1989). [about]
Advocates for African Food Security: Lessening the Burden for Women, by Bahá'í International Community (1991). A joint statement to the 35th session of the United Nations Commission on the Status of Women, Agenda Item 4: Monitoring the implementation of the Nairobi Forward-looking Strategies for the Advancement of Women [about]
Africa, by Hooper Dunbar (1984). Stories of Dunbar's travels through Africa, its unique energy, and its place in the Bahá'í Faith. [about]
African Culture, Traditional, Aspects of, by Universal House of Justice (1998). Challenges and opportunities in the African continent; eliminating prejudices; dance and music; alcohol; hunting; initiation rites; the supernatural; tribal leadership; status of women. [about]
Africanity, Womanism, and Constructive Resilience: Some Reflections, by Layli Maparyan, in Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 30:3 (2020). The meanings of the metaphor "pupil of the eye;" experiences of growing up African-American in the West; overcoming cosmological negation; the African worldview on nature, humanity, and creation; gendered expressions of African culture. [about]
Bahá'í Communities by Country: Research Notes, by Graham Hassall (2000). Brief notes on the history of Bahá'í activities and the dates of NSA formation in Africa, China, Australia, and elsewhere. [about]
Bahá'í country notes: Africa, by Graham Hassall (1999). [about]
Bahá'í Faith in Africa, The: Establishing a New Religious Movement, 1952-1962, by Anthony Lee (2011). African presence in early Bábí and Bahá'í history; Bahá'í response to crises in Middle East and West Africa; histories of British Camaroons, Calabar. Studies of Religion in Africa series, vol. 39. [about]
Centering the "Pupil of the Eye": Blackness, Modernity, and the Revelation of Bahá'u'lláh, by Derik Smith, in Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 29:1-2 (2019). The "pupil of the eye" metaphor is a deeply consequential, distinguishing feature of the transformative social and spiritual system laid out in Bahá’u’lláh's Revelation. [about]
"Come Back, Africa": First commercial film mentioning the Bahá'í Faith, by Greg Watson (2013). Context of a 1959 African documentary/drama film in which the Bahá'í Faith is discussed. [about]
Disinvestment: Is It a Bahá'í Issue?, by Marjan Nirou, in dialogue magazine, 1:1 (1986). Economic sanctions as a response to apartheid, the background of South Africa, Bahá'í approaches to preventing racism, and imprisoned children. Includes replies by Steven Scholl, Jihmye Collins, Paul Caprez, Lawrence Miller, and Drew Remignanti. [about]
Great Safari of Hand of the Cause Rúhíyyih Khánum, The, by Violette Nakhjavani, in Bahá'í News, 468-513 (1970). A diary of Ruhiyyih Khanum's travels through Africa. Serialized in Bahá'í News in 26 issues, from 1970 through 1973. [about]
Guardian's Wartime Travels, The, by Harry Liedtke (2016). Brief chronology of world events 1938-1940 juxtaposed with Shoghi Effendi's travels in 1940, when he left Haifa for England nine months after the beginning of the war. [about]
In the Days of the Guardian, by Leroy Ioas (1958). Includes the well-known comments by Shoghi Effendi about his reactions to being appointed Guardian. [about]
Journey Motif in the Bahá'í Faith, The: From Doubt to Certitude, by Roshan Danesh, in Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 22:1-4 (2012). The process of individual spiritual growth lies at the heart of human purpose. Bahá’u’lláh speaks about the collective spiritualization of humanity — creating new patterns of community and social relations — as the "journey" of the human body politic. [about]
Monotheistic Religion in Africa: The Example of the Swazi People, by Margaret Pemberton-Pigott and Crispin Pemberton-Pigott, in Bahá'í Faith and the World's Religions (2005). Similarities between the Bahá'í Faith and the ancient traditional beliefs of the Swazi people of Southern Africa. [about]
Mysticism in African Traditional Religion and in the Bahá'í Faith: Classification of Concepts and Practices, by Enoch Tanyi, in Lights of Irfan, Book 3 (2002). Both African Traditional Religion and the Bahá'í Faith originate from God, but at different times in the evolution of humankind. Owing to this common origin, the two have much in common. Both are essentially mystic in nature. [about]
Paying Special Regard to Agriculture: Collective Action-Research in Africa, by Sanem Kavrul, in Bahá'í World (2021). On Bahá’í-inspired agricultural social action initiatives in Africa. Includes photo gallery of development and agricultural projects. [about]
Perfection and Refinement: Towards an Aesthetics of the Bab, by Moojan Momen, in Lights of Irfan, 12 (2011). The writings of the Bab have implications for the "plastic" arts; significance for native traditions; relevance to the performing arts; and the concept of refinement which comes across in both the person and the writings of the Báb. [about]
Pilgrimage to Haifa, November 1919, A, by Bahiyyih Randall Winckler (1941). Winckler's parents were Bahá'ís; she met 'Abdu'l-Bahá during his visit to America when He visited her mother in 1912, and was bestowed the name Bahiyyih when she went on pilgrimage in 1919 at age twelve. [about]
Pupil of the Eye, The: African Americans in the World Order of Bahá'u'lláh, by Báb, The and Bahá'u'lláh, 2nd edition (1998). A compilation of references in the Bahá'í writings to African-Americans and those of African descent. [about]
Ridván 1996 (Four Year Plan) - To the Followers of Bahá'u'lláh in Africa: Bahá'í Era 153, by Universal House of Justice (1996). Country-specific portion of the annual message to the Bahá'ís of the world: Africa. [about]
Sabaeans and African-based Religions in the Americas, The, by Universal House of Justice, in Lights of Irfan, 13 (2012). Overview by the Research Department about the religion of the Sabaeans [aka Sabeans], and some indigenous practices in the southern Americas such as Yoruba, Santeria, and Brazilian Candomble. [about]
Short Obligatory Prayer in Many Languages, in Bahá'í World (1981). Three files: Short Obligatory Prayer in 501 languages (as published in Bahá'í World), and in a collection of African languages. [about]
That Promising Continent: Selections from the Writings of Abdu'l-Baha, the Writings and Letters of Shoghi Effendi and the Letters Written on his Behalf on Africa, by Abdu'l-Bahá and Shoghi Effendi (1998). Updated version of "That Vast but Promising Continent," a compilation originally prepared by the UHJ and International Teaching Centre to stimulate among Bahá'ís in Africa a greater awareness of their high spiritual destiny, strengths, and opportunities. [about]
Three Talks in Africa, by Ali Nakhjavani and Violette Nakhjavani (2001). Three talks given in East London, South Africa circa August-September 2001, on personal reminiscences of Ruhiyyih Khanum and Enoch Olinga, some history of the Faith in Africa, and stages of spiritual growth and teaching. [about]

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