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| 1923 12 Mar |
Shoghi Effendi wrote to Bahá'ís in America, Great Britain, Germany, France, Switzerland, Italy, Japan and Australasia about Bahá'í administration, outlining the process for annual elections of assemblies and calling for the establishment of local and national funds. [BA34-43; PP330]
See ER223-4 for the response of the British Bahá'ís.
In the same letter, as a Post Script, he included a list of the best known and most current Bahá'í terms transliterated with a recommendation that this be adopted as standard for all Western Bahá'ís with a promise that the Haifa Spiritual Assembly would provide a supplement. The transliteration scheme was mostly based on a standard adopted by the Tenth International Congress of Orientalists which took place in Geneva in September 1894. [BA43; PG208-209]
From the June 1923 issue of Star of the West, attempts were made to introduce the voting system although these are at first very patchy. The first books that appeared to be trying to put the system into use are Esslemont's Bahá'u'lláh and the New Era and Herrick's Unity Triumphant (the latter not entirely consistently), both published in 1923. Although some books appearing in 1924 did not follow the system, from this time on, books and other printed material published under Bahá'í auspices have followed it. [Transliteration by Mojan Momen]
A list of transliterated terms appeared in BW1p131 and expanded lists appeared in subsequent volumes. |
Haifa |
Shoghi Effendi, Life of; Administration; Transliteration |
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from the main catalogue
- Bahá'í World, The: Volume 18 (1979-1983), in Bahá'í World (1986). Periodic volumes that survey the global activities and major achievements of the Faith. [about]
- Baha'u'llah's Long Healing Prayer: Parallel Translation and Notes on Iterations / Recensions, by Daniel Azim Pschaida (2019). Comparison of minor variations between two published versions of Bahá'u'lláh's Long Healing Prayer, a transliteration parallel with the authorized translation, a memorandum from the Universal House of Justice, and a scan of the Arabic original. [about]
- Diacritics and transliteration, by Jonah Winters (2002). [about]
- Diacritics; meaning of "Self-subsisting", by Universal House of Justice (1993). Two disparate topics: the translation style adopted by the Guardian and other considerations related to literary style and the sacred writings, and the meaning of the term "self-subsisting." [about]
- Glossary of Arabic and Persian Transcription (2016). Comprehensive list of names and terms encountered in Bahá'í history, with transcription (accents, underlines and underdots), locations, word meanings, history and definitions.
[about]
- Guide to Transliteration and Pronunciation of the Persian Alphabet: together with the Numerical Value of the letters (Abjad Reckoning), by Marzieh Gail, in Bahá'í Glossary (1957). Persian letter, key, transliteration, pronunciation, and Abjad value. [about]
- Importance of and Guidance on Translating the Bahá'í Writings into Indigenous and Other Languages (n.d.). Compilation of one passage from Abdu'l-Bahá and fourteen excerpts from letters written by or on behalf of the Universal House of Justice. [about]
- Indexes of Tablet names, diacritics, and transliteration: Revelation of Bahá'u'lláh, by Adib Taherzadeh, in Revelation of Bahá'u'lláh, Volumes 1-4 (1982). Indexes only, useful for (1) referencing the diacritics and transliteration of Tablet names, and (2) knowing in which books Taherzadeh discusses which tablets. [about]
- Introduction to the Baháʼí Religiolect, An, by Adib Masumian, in Bahá'í Studies Review, 21 (2015). Religious dialects are cultural crossover phenomena, like "Judeo-Arabic" and "Christianese". A religiolect can be considered a dialect of a language that’s specific to a particular religious group. The Bahá'í Faith, too, has a nascent religiolect. [about]
- Khatt-i-Badí' (The New Script): Transliteration and Notes (2018). Latin transliteration of Mírzá Muhammad-'Alí's "conlang" alphabet by Grover Gonzales. Includes notes by the Universal House of Justice, an overview by Gonzales, and samples of the script. [about]
- L'importance de la translitération bahá'íe avec quelques exemples, by Pierre Daoust (2020). Considérations grammaticales expliquant la translitération et la prononciation des mots arabes, et le système abjad. [about]
- List of Baha'i Studies and Translations, by Stephen Lambden. A list of content available at Lambden's personal website, Hurqalya Publications, with select links to manuscripts, texts, introductions. Includes Shaykhi and Bábí studies, bibliographies, genealogies, provisional translations. [about]
- Long Healing Prayer, The: Original Arabic, Transliteration, and Authorized English Translation, by Bahá'u'lláh (2021). A table showing the Long Healing Prayer in Arabic, in Roman transliteration, and in translation. Includes link to audio/video version. [about]
- Lost in Translation, by Brian Whitaker, in Guardian (UK) (2002). Transcribing Arabic into the Roman alphabet is fraught with difficulty. And in an age of electronic text, search engines and databases, the problem is only going to get worse. [about]
- New World Transliterator: Macintosh Font for Transliteration of Persian and Arabic, by Christopher Buck (1993). Transliteration software (TrueType font for Mac). [about]
- Oriental Words in Bahá'í Literature, Transliteration, and Pronunciation, in Bahá'í World, Vol. 18 (1979-1983) (1986). Guide to spelling and pronunciation of Arabic and Persian words encountered in Bahá'í history and writings. [about]
- Report of the Transliteration Committee, by G. T. Plunkett, in The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland (1895). The 10th Orientalist Congress in Geneva, 1894, produced the system of transliteration later approved by Shoghi Effendi.
[about]
- Translation list (2009). Index to talks, letters, and other items translated from Persian and Arabic to English by Adib Masumian; listed here for the sake of search engines and tagging. [about]
- Transliteration, by Moojan Momen (1991). [about]
- Transliteration of the Long Obligatory Prayer, by Hajir Moghaddam (2021). Trilateral presentation of the Prayer in Arabic, English translation, and roman transliteration in the International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies system. [about]
- Transliteration-Ready Fonts, by Violetta Zein (2021). Downloads of four font sets — AbrilFatface, Apollo, Cinzel, and Didot — modified to contain the 5 underdotted letters (and their 5 capitals) often used in Bahá'í transliteration. For Mac or PC. [about]
- Use of the Masculine Gender in the Bahá'í Writings, The: Extracts from Letters Written By and on Behalf of the Universal House of Justice (2002). Extracts from letters from the House of Justice from 1981-1999 on general principles in relation to this subject and the Bahá'í perspective on it. [about]
- Various questions: Wordings in Promised Day is Come, Transliteration of vav, Pluralization and Case of Certain Words, by Universal House of Justice (2021). Answers on four topics: differences in wording in editions of The Promised Day Is Come; transliteration of the letter váv / wáw; the use of hybrid plurals, e.g. mullas; upper/lower case of certain words, e.g. "shah/Shah." [about]
- Yá 'Aliyyu'l-A'lá, by Research Department of the Universal House of Justice (1991). On the meaning and correct transliteration of "Yá 'Aliyyu'l-A'lá" (O Thou Most High"), where it can be found, and if it is an invocation to the Báb. [about]
- Yá Alláhu'l-Mustagháth": Original Source, Correct Transliteration and Translation, by Universal House of Justice (2001). About an invocation revealed by the Báb, prescribed for recitation in times of trouble and difficulty. [about]
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