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date	event	locations	tags	see also
1898 (In the year)	The Tarbíyat School for boys was established in Tihrán by the Bahá'ís. [BBD221]	Tihran; Iran	Tarbiyat School; Bahai schools; Social and economic development
1900 (In the year)	Sarah Farmer put Green Acre at the disposal of the Bahá'ís after her pilgrimage to `Akká in 1900. [BFA2:144–5; GPB261] After 1900 Green Acre effectively became the site of the first Bahá'í summer school in the world, although it was not officially so until 1929. [BBRSM:104; BW5:29–30; SBBH1:125]	Eliot; Maine; United States	Sarah Farmer; Green Acre; First summer and winter schools
1902 28 Nov	Construction began on the Mashriqu'l-Adhkár of `Ishqábád with the laying of its cornerstone. [BFA2:116-17] BBRXXX says this was 12 December. The discrepancy may lie in the use of two different calendars. The foundation stone was laid in the presence of General Subotich, governor-general of Turkistan. [BFA2:116–17; GPB300; see discussion of Krupatkin vs Subotich in The City of Love: Ishqábád and the Institution of the Mashriqu'l-Adhkár by Bruce Whitmore] Also see BBR442-443 for the account of a Russian official, A D Kalmykov who says it was General Subotich. `Abdu'l-Bahá commissioned Hájí Mírzá Muhammad-Taqí, the Vakílu'd-Dawlih, son of Hájí Siyyid Muhammad, the uncle of the Báb for whom Bahá'u'lláh had revealed The Kitáb-i-Íqán, to be in charge of the project. He largely paid for it. [AB109] `Abdu'l-Bahá Himself delineated the general design and a Russian architect, Volkov, planned and executed the details of the construction. [AB109–10; Universal House of Justice 20 June 1991 para 8] A meeting hall and some of its dependencies had been built before 1900. The dependencies included two Bahá'í schools, a travellers' hostel, a medical dispensary and Hazíratu'l-Quds. [BBD122; BBR442; BBRSM:91] For a Western account of this see BBR442–3. See jacket of BBR for a photograph of work on the Temple. See the message of the Universal House of Justice dated 1 August, 2014 for more on the Mashriqu'l-Adhkár in `Ishqábád. Specifics Location: In the heart of the city of `Ishqábád Foundation Stone: Late 1902 by General Subotich, the governor-general of Turkistan who had been delegated by the Czar to represent him. Construction Period: Initial step had been undertaken during the lifetime of Bahá’u’lláh. Superstructure: 1902 – 1907. External Ornamentation: 1919 Site Dedication: No record of a dedication ceremony on completion of the building can be found although the external ornamentation was completed in 1919 it is probable that the building had been in use for some years by this time. Architects: `Abdu'l-Bahá Himself delineated the general design. More specific design was by Ustad Ali-Akbar-i-Banna and a Russian architect, Volkov, planned and executed the details of the construction under the supervision of Hájí Mírzá Muhammad-Taqí, the son of Hájí Siyyid Muhammad, the uncle of the Báb for whom Bahá'u'lláh had revealed The Kitáb-i-Íqán. [AB109] Seating: Dimensions: Cost: Dependencies: two Bahá'í schools, a travellers' hostel, a medical dispensary and Hazíratu'l-Quds Expropriation:1928 Lease period: – 1938 Seizure; the building was turned into an art gallery Earthquake: 1948 Demolition: August 1963 the Universal House of Justice announced that it had been demolished by the authorities and the site cleared. References: AB109, BW14p479-481, GPB300-301, CEBF236, EB266-268, MF126-128	Ishqabad; Turkmenistan	Mashriqul-Adhkar (House of Worship); Mashriqul-Adhkar, Quick facts; Mashriqul-Adhkar, Ishqabad; Mashriqul-Adhkar, Dependencies of; Mashriqul-Adhkar, Design; Architecture; Architects; Foundation stones and groundbreaking; General Subotich; Krupatkin; Haji Muhammad-Taqi Afnan (Vakilud-Dawlih); Afnan; Bab, Family of; Haji Siyyid Muhammad; Ustad Ali-Akbar-i-Banna; Volkov; Haziratul-Quds; Bahai schools; - Basic timeline, Expanded; Abdul-Baha, Life of
1910 (In the year)	Within a year of her arrival in Persia, Dr. Susan Moody opened the Tarbíyat School for Girls in Tihrán. [BBD221–2; BFA2:360–1] Some of those serving at the school were: Miss Lillian Kappes of Hoboken, New Jersey arrived in December of 1911 to serve as a teacher. She stopped in Thonon to visit 'Abdu'l-Bahá on the way. [SoW Vol 2 No 17 Jan 19. 1912 p2] She died on the 1st of December, 1920 of typhus and was buried there. She was replaced by Genevieve Coy, a qualified psychologist, a Ph.D. in 1922 who was followed by Adelaide Sharp in 1929. Her mother, Clara Sharp joined her in 1931. [BFA2p361, AY233] Elizabeth Stewart who served as a nurse at the school accompanied Lillian Kappes on her arrival. Miss Stewart served until 1924 when she returned to Philadelphia where she died in 1926. [ABF43] Munírih Khánum Ayádí, the mother of Dr Karím Ayádí (later famed as the Shah much-trusted doctor) was Persia’s first official Director of the Tarbíyat School for Girls. She was widely recognized as exceptional, at a time when Persia’s Bahá’í women were only gradually emerging from their earlier state under Islam. Much respected by the men, her attitude toward them was one of total equality. Her greatness was in herself, her devotion to the Faith absolute, and she was made a member of such advanced committees as the Bahá’í Women’s Committee. Her views were moderated by her sense of humour, which included self-deprecation so that she never subjected you to her piety. One day during the Bahá’í Fast, she asked Marzieh Gall: ‘Do you think God would notice if I ducked into that room and sneaked a few puffs of tobacco?’ [AY333]	Tihran; Iran	Tarbiyat School; Bahai schools; Susan Moody; Lillian Kappes; Genevieve Coy; Adelaide Sharp; Clara Sharp; Elizabeth Stewart; Women; Social and economic development; Munirih Khanum Ayadi; Karim Ayadi
1910 8 Jan	The Persian-American Educational Society was inaugurated in Washington DC. [BFA2:XVII; 355–8] Its primary purpose was to assist the Tarbíyat School in Iran. Mr. Sidney Sprague was in charge. Many Americans contributed toward scholarships for children. [BFA2:357]	Washington DC; United States; Iran	Bahai associations; Tarbiyat School; Bahai schools; Education
1911. 3 Jun	Ghodsea Khanoum Ashraf (Qudsíyyih Ashraf) (b. 22 November 1889 in Majidābād, d. 16 April 1976 in Tehran) arrived in the United States together with Dr. Lutfullah Hakim and four others. On the final leg of her journey from Southhampton to New York City aboard the RMS Mauretania, she was accompanied by Louis Gregory. She was the first Persian woman to travel to the country and as such, received considerable press coverage. [BFA2:358] She remained in the United States until 1919. Her return to Iran was delayed due to travel restrictions during the war. During this time she obtained a high school certificate, a bachelor's degree and then a master's degree. She was asked by ʿAbdu'l-Bahá to represent the women of the East at the cornerstone-laying ceremony of the Temple in Wilmette on the 1st of May in 1912 and met Him again in Washington during November of the same year. Upon her return to Iran she produced her academic credentials to the Education Minister and declared her readiness to serve her country. Despite her many outstanding qualifications he refused to hire her because she was a Bahá'í. Despite being denied the opportunity to serve as a teacher she found ways to render service in the field of education. With the passing of Lillian Kappes, the principal at the time of the Tarbiyat Girls’ School of Tehran (Tarbiyat al-Banat), she took over as principal. In that capacity she took significant initiatives, notably offering monthly conferences and adult literacy classes. She became further qualified by obtaining a diploma in nursing and then another in midwifery and subsequently opened clinics that offered services to the poor and the disadvantaged. In 1956 Ms. Ashraf initially joined her nephew Mr. Abdollah Sahihi, a pioneer in Brazil. She then served in three more countries; Brazil, Ecuador and Columbia. In 1963 she attended the World Congress in London and then returned to Iran to continue her service to her native country. See Ahmad Sohrab's letter to her in SW6, 10:77–9. For short biographies see SCF55-85; Encyclopedia Iranica and Iran Press Watch.	Majidabad; Tihran; Iran; United States	Ghodsieh Ashraf (Qudsiyyih Ashraf); Firsts, Other; Tarbiyat School
1911 27 Aug	'Abdu'l-Bahá and His party took a ferry to Vevey. a resort town on the other side of Lake Geneva (Lake Leman). Vevey was the location of the Dreyfus summer home and it was near here that Lady Blomfield and her daughters finalized the translation of Paris Talks [ABF33-44, DJT186, SoW vol 2 no 14] He took a room at the Park Hôtel Mooser where He took some rest and also met Edith Sanderson and her mother. With the assembled friends He discussed immortality and divorce. The party returned by ferry to Thonon-les-Bains, stopping at Évian-les-Bains. [DJT196-197] In the afternoon He met with Lillian Frances Kappes and Elizabeth Harnill Stewart who had just arrived from America on their way to teach at the Tarbiyát School for girls in Iran. The school for boys had been in operation since 1897 and the school for girls was just being established in. [ABF43, SoW vol 2 no 18, SoW vol 2 no 14] Perhaps it was at this time He delivered the talk that has been entitled, "The oneness of humanity and of religions". ['Abdu'l-Bahá Speaks]	Thonon-les-Bains; Vevey; Switzerland; Evian-les-Bains; France	Abdul-Baha, First Western tour; Lady Blomfield; Edith Sanderson; Lillian Kappes; Elizabeth Stewart; Tarbiyat School; Bahai schools; Paris Talks (book)
1912 23 Apr	Harriet Gibbs Marshall (1868-1941) became a Bahá’í while ‘Abdu’l Bahá was visiting the US. It is possible that she heard Him speak on this day as He spoke at both Howard University and in a Black church later that same evening. This was the first occasion since His arrival in America that 'Abdul-Bahá addressed the race issue. She was an extremely educated woman for the time, she studied piano, pipe organ, and voice culture at the Oberlin Conservatory of Music and in 1889. Marshall was the first African American to complete the program and earn a Mus.B. degree (Bachelor of Music degree). In 1903 she founded the Washington Conservatory of Music. According to blackpast.org “Marshall’s conservatory was a landmark in the history of black education. The Centre sponsored regular concerts for the black community, trained many prominent musical professionals and attracted the nation’s most talented musicians as teachers. It remained in operation until 1960.” [blackpast.org; Bahá'í Chronicles]	Washington DC; United States	Harriet Gibbs Marshall; Washington Conservatory of Music; Schools; Admiral Peary
1913 8 Jan	'Abdu'l-Bahá was given a tour of the Edinburgh College of Arts conducted by the President. (74 Lauriston Place, Edinburgh EH3 9DF) This was followed by a tour of a school in the poorer district, North Canongate School. In the afternoon He spoke to a capacity attendance at Rainy Hall, New College, the Mound, Edinburgh EH1 2LX. 'Abdu'l-Bahá attended a charity performance of Handel's Messiah at St Giles Cathedral. (Royal Mile, Edinburgh EH1 1RE) St. Giles was also known as the High Kirk of Edinburgh. It was Edinburgh's religious focal point for at least 900 years. And the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together: for the mouth of the Lord hath spoken it. (Isaiah 40:5) [Ahmad Sohrab's Diary, Edinburgh, 1913, ABTM297, SCU85-100]	Edinburgh; Scotland; United Kingdom	Abdul-Baha, Travels of; Abdul-Baha, Second Western tour; St Giles Cathedral; Handels Messiah; Edinburgh College of Arts; North Canongate School
1919 13 Aug	The passing of Mírzá Muhammad-Hasan Táliqání, Hand of the Cause of God, entitled Adíbu'l-'Ulamá, know as Adíb (Educator) in Tihrán at the Shah's College established by Násirii'd-Dín Sháh. He was born in Talaqán in 1848 and became a Bahá’í around 1889. [BBD98, SUR29] Bahá’u’lláh appointed him a Hand of the Cause of God. [SDH138-140] He was appointed as one of the Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh. He was one of the founders of the Tarbíyat Schools in Tihrán. [LoF17-18] For a brief history of his life see EB272-3. EB273 says he died on 2 September 1919.	Tihran; Talaqan; Iran	Adib (Haji Mirza Hasan Talaqani); Hands of the Cause; Hands of the Cause, Appointments; Hands appointed by Bahaullah; Hands of the Cause, Births and deaths; Births and deaths; In Memoriam; Tarbiyat School; In Memoriam; Apostles of Bahaullah
1920 1 Dec	Lillian Frances Kappes,(b. 1878 in Hoboken, New Jersey), died of typhus fever in Tihrán. [BFA2:361; SW11, 19:324-5, AY211-212] She had gone to Tihrán nine years previously to help set up the Tarbíyat School for Girls. [SW11, 19:3 24] She was buried next to the tomb of Varqa. See Bahá'í Chronicles.	Tihran; Iran	Lillian Kappes; Tarbiyat School; In Memoriam; Births and deaths
1921 spring	Dr Genevieve Coy was chosen as the director of the Tarbíyat School for Girls in Tihrán to replace Lillian Kappes. [SBR203]	Tihran; Iran	Genevieve Coy; Tarbiyat School
1922 24 Jan	Dr Sarah A. Clock passed away in Tihrán. She had gone there in 1911 to assist Dr Moody at the Tarbíyat School. [BFA2:361; SW12, 19:309]	Tihran; Iran	Sarah Clock; Susan Moody; Tarbiyat School; In Memoriam; Births and deaths
1927 (In the year)	Abu'l-Qásim Faizi, a 19-year-old student who had attended the Tarbiyát School in Tehran but was now enrolled at the American University at Beirut, visited Haifa to meet Shoghi Effendi. Like Hasan Balyuzi before him, he was immediately possessed by a great desire to serve him. [SETPE1p146-7]	Haifa; Tihran; Iran; Beirut; Lebanon	Abul-Qasim Faizi; Tarbiyat School; American University of Beirut; Shoghi Effendi, Life of
1927 1 Aug	Geyserville Bahá’í Summer School, the first American Bahá’í summer school, was established on property in California donated by John Bosch. It was to operate until 1973 when a new road project divided the property. The land was sold and the funds used to purchase land in the mountains above the coastal town of Santa Cruz. The new school was named In honour of John and Louise Bosch. [BBD87; BW10:180; GPB340, Bosch] BW5:28–9 says this was the second Bahá’í summer school in America but Shoghi Effendi indicates in GPB340 that Green Acre is formally established as a Bahá’í summer school in 1929.	Geyserville; California; United States	Summer schools; First summer and winter schools; John Bosch; Green Acre
1929 12 Aug	Green Acre became a fully fledged Bahá’í summer school when the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of the United States and Canada obtained legal title to the property. [BBD91; GAP118; GPB340; SBBH126, Green Acre]	Eliot; Maine; United States	Summer schools; Green Acre
1931 May	A permanent summer school is established at Louhelen Ranch near Davison, Michigan. [BW10:181; GPB340]	Davison; Michigan; United States	Summer schools
1931 (Summer)	The first German Bahá’í summer school was held, at Esslingen. [BBRSM182; BW5:44] UD98 and BW5p30 put this date as 1932.	Esslingen; Germany	Summer schools; First summer and winter schools
1933 (In the year)	The Tavakkul Bahá’í School in Qazvín, Iran, was closed. [BW18:388]	Qazvin; Iran	Bahai schools; Persecution, Iran; Persecution
1934 (In the year)	The government of Iran took several measures against the Bahá’ís throughout the country. [BW18p389] Nineteen Bahá’í schools are closed in Káshán, Qazvín, Yazd, Najafábád, Ábádih and elsewhere. [ARG109] Bahá’í meetings were forbidden in many towns, including Tihrán, Mashhad, Sabzivár, Qazvín and Arák. Bahá’ís centres in Káshán, Hamadán and Záhidán were closed by the authorities. Some Bahá’í government employees were dismissed. Some Bahá’í military personnel were stripped of their rank and imprisoned. Bahá’ís in many places were harassed over the filling-in of marriage certificates, census forms and other legal documents.	Iran; Kashan; Qazvin; Yazd; Najafabad; Abadih; Tihran; Mashhad; Sabzivar; Arak; Hamadan; Zahidan	Persecution, Iran; Persecution, Education; Persecution, Other; Persecution; Tarbiyat School; Bahai schools
1934 6 Dec	The Tarbíyat Bahá’í Schools in Tihrán and all other Bahá'í schools across the country were closed by order of the Minister of Education (headed by 'Ali-Asghar-i-Hikmat, a well-known Azali) when they failed to open on a holy day. [BBD221–2; BW18:389; CB312; GPB363; PP308; RoB4p313; BN No 97 January 1936 p1] In spite of (or because of) their high standards of education, the Bahá'í schools, which attracted ordinary people as well as a number of rich, famous and influential families to send their children as pupils, faced harsh opposition, mainly from the more traditional and conservative elements in the society, and specifically from the Shi‘i clerics. This was hardly surprising, given the strong animosity towards the Bahá'ís in Shi‘i Iran. According to Shoghi Effendi, while the ‘ulama’ headed the opposition to the Bábis and Bahá'ís, it was the Qajar kings and governors who willingly became the means through which this opposition was translated into action, as a way to obtain the clerics’ support and backing for their own policies. But as far as Nasir al-Din Shah was concerned, he had his own reasons for persecuting Bábis and Bahá'ís (between whom he did not appear to differentiate) . In 1852 an inept attempt had been made on his life. [The Forgotten Schools: The Baha’is and Modern Education in Iran, 1899–1934 p97] For Western accounts of the episode see BBR475–9.	Tihran; Iran	Tarbiyat school; Bahai schools; Holy days; Persecution, Iran; Persecution, Other; Persecution; Azali Babis; Social and economic development
1936 summer	Britain held its first Bahá’í summer school. [GT137; UD109]	United Kingdom	First summer and winter schools; Summer schools
1937 2 May	The Yerrinbool Bahá’í School (originally known as ‘Bolton Place’) was officially opened in Australia. [Yerrinbool Bahá'í School 1938 - 1988: An Account of the First Fifty Years by Graham Hassall; Yerrinbool Bahá'í School and the Australian Bahá'í Community by Fazel Naghdy] Bahaipedia.	Yerrinbool; Australia	Yerrinbool Bahai School; Bahai inspired schools
1938 5 Feb	Bahá'ís in the Soviet Union were persecuted by the authorities. [BBR473, BW8p87-90, 179-81, BW14p479-481, SETPE1p155] Five hundred Bahá'í men were imprisoned in Turkistán. [Bw8p89] Many Persian Bahá'ís living in various cities of the Soviet Union were arrested, some are sent to Siberia, others to Pavladar in northern Kazakhstan and yet others to Iran. [BW8p87, 179, 184] Six hundred Bahá'í refugees-women, girls, children and a few old men, went to Iran, most to Mashhad. [BW8p89] The Bahá'í Temple in Ishqábád (now Ashgabat, Turkmenistan) was confiscated and turned into an art gallery. [BDD122, BW8p89] The Bahá'í schools were ordered closed. [BW8p89] Spiritual Assemblies and all other administrative institutions in the Caucasus were ordered dissolved. [BW8p89] Shoghi Effendi included all these territories in his Ten Year Plan, unveiled in 1953, as follows: The National Spiritual Assembly of Germany and Austria was made responsible for opening Albania, Estonia, Finno—Karelia, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldavia (Moldova), Romania and White Russia (Belarus) and for consolidating Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic (S.F.S.R.), and Yugoslavia. The National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of lran was made responsible for opening Kirgizia (later named Kyrgyzstan), Mongolia, Tajikistan (Tadzhikistan) and Uzbekistan, and for consolidating Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, and Turkmenistan. The National Spiritual Assembly of the United States was responsible for opening Kazakhstan, Sakhalin, and the Ukraine. [BW20p196-197]	Soviet Union; Russia; Caucasus; Turkistan; Ishqabad; Turkmenistan; Kazakhstan; Iran; Mashhad	Mashriqul-Adhkar, Ishqabad; Mashriqul-Adhkar (House of Worship); Persecution, Russia; Persecution, Arrests; Persecution, Other; Persecution; Bahai schools; Local Spiritual Assembly
1938 Sep	The first Bahá’í summer school to be held in India took place in Simla. [BBRSM194; BW8:199]	Shimla; Himachal Pradesh; India	Summer schools; First summer and winter schools
1940 (in the decade)	The first Egyptian Bahá’í summer school was held in the mid-1940s.	Egypt	Summer schools; First summer and winter schools
1945 1 Aug	Initially founded as a hostel for Bahá'í children with sixteen children, what was the New Era High School and Senior Secondary had grown to become a leading international co-educational institution with many hundreds of students. Founded as a separate institution in 1987, the New Era Development Institute had its beginnings as a service project for students in the 1970s and 1980s when the school set up programmes to assist the poor and underdeveloped villages in the region. [New Era High School and Senior Secondary website, Wikipedia, BBD171; BBRSM153] For the history of the school see BW16:320–6.	Panchgani; Maharashtra; India	New Era High School; Bahai schools; New Era Development Institute; Social and economic development
1946 (In the year)	The first Bahá’í summer school in Argentina was held in Ezeiza. [BW11:45]	Ezeiza; Argentina	Summer schools; First summer and winter schools
1948 (In the year)	The first Bahá’í school in Haiti was inaugurated in Carrefour, a suburb of Port-au-Prince.	Haiti	Bahai schools; Firsts, Other
1950. 28 - 30 Jul	The First European Teaching Summer School was held in Elsinore, Denmark. [SBBR14p243]	Elsinore; Denmark	Summer schools
1957 28 - 30 Sep	First Bahá'í Summer School held in Taiwan. [The Taiwan Bahá'í Chronicle by Barbara R. Sims p21]	Taiwan	Summer schools; First summer and winter schools	find reference
1957 Dec	The first summer school in Malaysia was held at Malacca.	Malacca; Malaysia	First summer and winter schools; Summer schools
1960 (In the decade)	A number of Bahá’í primary schools were opened in Bolivia.	Bolivia	Bahai schools
1960s, early	Two Bahá’í primary schools were opened in Uganda.	Uganda	Bahai schools
1961 Oct	The first summer school to be held on Rarotonga Island took place.	Rarotonga; Cook Islands	First summer and winter schools; Summer schools; Islands
1962 autumn	A property was acquired outside of Gwalior, India, for a teaching institute. [DM192] The institute was later converted into a boarding hostel solely for Indian children and still later into the ‘Rabbani School’, now an accredited agricultural school. [DM192–3; VV82]	Gwalior; India	Teaching institutes; Rabbani School; Bahai schools; Social and economic development
1966. 11 Sep	The rescue of six Tongan boys from the uninhabited island of 'Ata by Peter Warner and his crew on his yacht the Just David. The boys, all students at St Andrew's College, had stolen a 25 foot whaling boat and, on their first night at sea, had lost the sails and the rudder in a storm. They lost the little food they had carried as well. They were adrift for 8 days without water before reaching the island in June 1965. By the time Warner arrived, the boys had set up a commune with a food garden, hollowed-out trees to store rainwater, a gymnasium, badminton court, chicken enclosures. and a permanent fire. [Wikipedia] This documentary was made in 1966 shortly after the rescue. Here is Peter Warner's own story of the rescue. A documentary has been made of the experience. Here is the trailer. In 1974 Peter Warner was once more in the right spot at the right time, when he rescued a shipwrecked sailing crew on Middleton Reef in the Tasman Sea, with the help of Sione Filipe Totau, one of the Tongans he had rescued earlier. Mr Warner lived in Tonga for thirty years where he became a Bahá'í and help found Ocean of Light International School. His time there was documented in his autobiography called Ocean of Light: 30 Years in Tonga and the Pacific. In the 1990s he moved to the Northern Rivers of NSW, and become a noted macadamia farmer and tree manager near Lismore, before settling in Ballina. This period of his life was covered in his autobiography Twilight of the Dawn. He died on the 13th of April 2021 at the age of 90 after his boat capsized during an attempted crossing of the Ballina Bar in rough conditions. [The Echo]	Nukualofa; Tonga; Ballina; Australia	Peter Warner; In Memoriam; Bahai schools; Ocean of Light International School
1967 Mar	The first Bahá’í summer school in Liberia began. [BW14:174]	Liberia	Summer schools; First summer and winter schools
1967 - 1977	From 1967 until 1976 the Harlem Preparatory School was the only high school in central Harlem. The community school, which was set up by a group of black ministers, Catholic nuns, and Bahá'ís, provided a means of education to a primarily African American clientele who were not well-accommodated in the regular system. Under the direction of Headmaster Howard Carpenter, himself an African American New Yorker, the school operated on funding from foundations, businesses and individuals. Those that contributed make a long list that cut across habitual racial and ideological lines. The school employed non-credentialed teachers and the only requirement for graduation was acceptance into a college or university. [From Nayriz to New York: Hussein Ahdieh and the Story of Harlem Prep by Sean Nevins] Hussein Ahdieh and Hillary Chapman, two who served at the school in both a teaching and administrative capacity, have documented the decade of operation of the school with a website as well as a youtube video Harlem Prep Step by Step and a book A Way Out of No Way: Transforming Dropouts Into Scholars, 1967-1977. See Mr. Ahdieh's dissertation Harlem Preparatory School: An Alternative, written some three years before the schools closing. See as well The Story Of Harlem Prep: Cultivating A Community School In New York City by Barry M. Goldenberg.	New York; United States	Harlem Preparatory school (Harlem Prep); Alternative schools; Education; Hussein Ahdieh; Hillary Carpenter
1967. 12 Nov	The dedication of two schools founded by Bahá'ís in Odusai and Tilling Uganda. (Note: Tilling was where the home of Hand of the Cause Olinda was located.) [CG70-71] The schools had been confiscated during the regime of Idi Amin and had fallen into poor repair. A project was undertaken by the Mona Foundation to restore the facilities. [Website]	Odusai; Uganda; Tilling; Uganda	Schools
1968 summer	The first summer school to be held in Ireland bagin.	Ireland	Summer schools; First summer and winter schools
1970 Jan	Claire Gung opened Auntie Claire's Kindergarten in new facilities in Kampala with an enrollment of 146 children. [CG81]	Kampala; Uganda	School; Auntie Claires Kindergarten
1971 (In the year)	The first summer school in Singapore was held.	Singapore	First summer and winter schools
1971 Dec - 1972 Jan	The first youth summer school for southern Africa was held at the Leroy Ioas Teacher Training Institute in Mbabane and is attended by 67 people from eight countries.	Mbabane; Swaziland	First summer and winter schools
1972 Jan	The first Bahá’í Youth Summer School in Southern Africa took place in Swaziland, attended by 70 youth from eight countries. [BW15:338] For picture see BW15:340.	Swaziland	First summer and winter schools
1972	The first Summer School of Jamaica was held. [BW15:218]	Jamaica	First summer and winter schools
1972	The first Winter School of Luxembourg was held in Pétange. [BW15:284]	Petange; Luxembourg	First summer and winter schools
1972 Dec	The first winter school in Bangladesh took place. [BW15:245]	Bangladesh	First summer and winter schools
1974 13 July	The dedication of the Bosch Bahá'í School north of Santa Cruz, California. (Bosch Bahá'í School site, Bahá'´News page 716]	Santa Cruz; California; United States	Bosch Bahai School; Bahai schools
1975 (In the year)	The first Bahá’í summer school to be held in Antigua took place. [BW16:187] For picture see BW16:188.	Antigua	First summer and winter schools
1976 10 – 15 Jan	The first National Bahá’í Children’s School to he held in Rhodesia took place in Salisbury. [BW16:155]	Salisbury; Rhodesia	Bahai Childrens school
1976 5 Oct	The passing of Adelaide Sharp (b. Texas, 1896) in Tehran. In 1929 she accompanied Dr Susan Moody (77) to Tehran and and took up the position of principal of the Tarbiyat School for Girls (opened 1910). In 1931 she invited her mother, Clara Sharp, to come and live with her. After the closing of the Tarbiyat Schools on the 6th of December, 1934, the Guardian asked her to remain in Persia. She organized study classes for both boys and girls to study English writings such as Bahá'í Administration, The Promised Day is Come, The World Order of Bahá'u'lláh and other works from the Guardian. In 1954 the Guardian ruled that women could serve on Bahá'í administrative bodied in Persia. She was elected to the National Spiritual Assembly and served in this role for the next fourteen years. She attended the First and Second International Conventions in 1963 and in 1968. Her five decade legacy of service in Iran included children's education, translating Writings, consolidating administrative institutions, serving as the"external affairs" representative for the National Assembly. Upon her passing memorial services where held in Tehran as well as other centres throughout the country. [BW17p418-420, Bahá'í Heroes & Heroines]	Texas; United States; Tihran; Iran	Adelaide Sharp; Clara Sharp; Tarbiyat School; In Memoriam; Births and deaths; Firsts, Other
1976 Dec	The first Bahá’í Winter School in Cyprus was held in Nicosia.	Nicosia; Cyprus	First summer and winter schools
1977 27 – 30 Dec	The first Bahá’í summer school of Sierra Leone was held in Magburaka. [BW17:151]	Magburaka; Sierra Leone	First summer and winter schools
1978 Mar	The first Bahá’í-owned school in Pakistan, the New Day Montessori, opened in Karachi.	Karachi; Pakistan	Bahai schools
1978 Dec	The first Bahá’í Winter School of Malta took place. [BW17:192]	Malta	First summer and winter schools
1979 Oct	The first Bahá’í summer school for Quechua-speakers was held in Cachaco, Imbabura, Ecuador. [BW17:170]	Cachaco; Imbabura; Ecuador	First summer and winter schools
1980 Mar	The first Bahá’í Summer School of the Cameroon Republic was held in Victoria. [BW18:166]	Victoria; Cameroon	Summer schools; First summer and winter schools
1980 (In the year)	The Anís Zunúzí Baháʼí School, located at Lilavoix, Haiti, opened its doors to students in 1980. The inauguration ceremony took place on the 20th of October 1982 when Hand of the Cause Amatu'l-Bahá Khánum planted an orange tree as part of the opening ceremonies. [BN No 625 April 1983 p5-7; BW17:158; Wikipedia] The cost of the construction of the school was about $300,000 which was donated by the Hassan Ali-Kamran family in Belgium. [LB304] The school is partnered with the Mona Foundation. Bahaipedia.	Lilavoix; Haiti	Anis Zunuzi School; school
1983. 24 Feb	The inauguration of the Bahá'í Vocational Institute for Rural Women at Indore, India. It offered rural women residential courses on literacy, health care and income generating skills. The success of this school was recognized when it won one of the Global 500 Environmental Action awards that was presented at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 [The Baha'is magazine].	Indore; India	Bahai Vocational Institute for Rural Women; Women; Social and economic development; Bahai schools; Earth Summit
1984 (In the year)	The first Bahá’í university, Universidad Núr, opened in Santa Cruz, Bolivia. [VV82–3] Website.	Santa Cruz; Bolivia	Bahai schools
1986 (In the year)	The founding of the Ruaha Secondary School in southwestern rural Tanzania near Iringa, about 500 km from Dar-es-salaam. The school was operated under the auspices of the National Spiritual Assembly. [The Mona Project (information on the Iringa School no longer available on this web site), One Country] By 1988 the school had 300 pupils and taught classes in English, geography, Swahili, history, chemistry, agriculture, physics, political science, mathematics, biology, and religion – Christian, Bahá’i, and Islamic studies were covered by representatives of other religions –all part of the Ministry-determined curriculum. Each student participated in service projects. [BW14p96; History of the Bahá’í Faith in Tanzania] In 2001 the school received a grant to build a girls dormitory. [BWNS145] The Mona Foundation provided funding for the building of a boys' dormitory with the capacity of 120 beds. [History of the Bahá’í Faith in Tanzania]	Tanzania; Iringa; Dar-es-salaam	Bahai schools; BWNS; Mona Foundation
1987 (In the year)	The first National Children’s Camp in Australia was held in Yerrinbool School with 36 children between 9 and 13 years of age in attendance. [BINS173:10]	Yerrinbool; Australia	Yerrinbool Bahai School; Bahai schools; Children
1987 Mar	The first Bahá’í Winter School held on San Salvador Island, Bahamas, took place. [BINS164:11]	San Salvador Island; Bahamas	First summer and winter schools
1988 (In the year)	The opening of the School of the Nations in Taipa, Macau with 5 students enrolled in kindergarten and operated out of an apartment. The teachers outnumbered the students. In its second year it had 100 students and nearly 200 in the third year. Eventually, the Macau government donated land where a 7-story facility was opened in 2008. That new building included a library that was also accessible to the public throughout the week. In 2019 School of the Nations had 600 students from kindergarten through high school and 100 teachers. The school became a high performer in the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme and was the first in Macau to offer the International General Certificate of Secondary Education, the two most widely recognized international qualifications accepted by the majority of universities in the world. [SoN, BWNS460; BWNS1305] The school's website. Bahaipedia.	Taipa; Macau	School of the Nations; Bahai inspired schools; BWNS
1988 8 May	The passing of Beatrice Owen Ashton (b. 17 May, 1890, Cleveland). She was buried in the Lake View Cemetery in Cleveland. [BW20p896-899] She graduated from Vassar College in 1911 and in 1918 she learned of the Faith in Urbana, IL from Dr Jacob and Anna Kunz after meeting some Bahá'ís who had been picnicking. (See BW16p520 for In Memoriam for Anna Kunz) In August of 1918 she married Frank Ashton at Green Acre. In post-war 1945, the National Spiritual Assembly appointed her as the international relief representative for Germany and the Philippines. During the summers from 1947 to 1953 she undertook teaching trips to Europe: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland. In April of 1952 she went on pilgrimage and met the Guardian for the first time. [BN no262, December, 1952 p5-7] In addition to administrative tasks she worked on the production of Bahá'í World XIII and taught summer school classes at Green Acre, Louhelen and Geyserville as well as Beaulac, Banff and Toronto in Canada. She pioneered to Lethbridge, Alberta from 1958 to 1966 and taught the Faith on the Peigan Reserve (now Piikini First Nation). When the Bahá'ís of Lethbridge elected their first Local Spiritual Assembly she went back to European teaching and made four trips to Norway by 1970. From 1970 she served in Haifa in the Research Department, cataloging and indexing the Guardian's letters and correspondence but in 1972 she had to return to the US due to failing health. In her latter years she made an index for Citadel of Faith as well as for Messages to America and indexed the Writings of the Báb and Bahá'u'lláh that Shoghi Effendi had translated. Find a grave.	Cleveland; OH; Lethbridge; Canada	Beatrice Owen Ashton; Beatrice Ashton; Travel teaching; Summer schools
1989 (Summer)	The founding of the Maxwell International Bahá'í School. It was a co-ed Bahá'í school located on Shawnigan Lake, British Columbia, Canada. It offered day students and boarding students from many parts of the world instruction from grades 7-12. Its educational philosophy was based on the principles of the Bahá'í Faith. The school was opened in a ceremony with guest of honour Amatu'l-Bahá Rúhíyyih Khánum (Mary Maxwell, daughter of May and Sutherland) and wife of the Bahá'í Faith's Guardian, Shoghi Effendi). A tree was planted in dedication to the opening of the school. In the early 2006-2007 school year, the school board decided to drop "Bahá'í" from its name, changing it to "Maxwell International School". The school closed on its 20th anniversary in 2008. [Wiki]	Shawnigan Lake BC; British Columbia; Canada	Maxwell International School; Bahai schools; Amatul-Baha Ruhiyyih Khanum; Maxwell International School
1989 18 Dec - 1990 2 Jan	During the Youth Winter School in Traben-Trarback participants from 12 countries including East Germany, Romania, Hungary and the Soviet Union gathered for the first time since the Second World War. [BINS215:2]	Traben-Trarback; Germany; Eastern Europe; Soviet Union; Russia	Conferences, Bahai; Conferences, Youth; Youth; Conferences, International; Winter schools; First conferences
1989 25 – 29 Dec	The first International Bahá’í Summer School of Bophuthatswana was held at the Pilanesberg National Game Reserve, attended by 263 people from 12 countries. [BINS215:1–2]	Bophuthatswana; South Africa	Summer schools; First summer and winter schools
1990 8 – 11 Jul	The first summer school of Czechoslovakia was held in Jindrichuv Hradec, attended by 24 Bahá'ís from eight countries. [BINS230:2]	Jindrichuv Hradec; Czechoslovakia	Summer schools; First summer and winter schools
1990 19 – 21 Oct	The first summer school of Cape Verde was held in Tarrafal, attended by 30 people. [BINS247:8]	Tarrafal; Cape Verde	Summer schools; First summer and winter schools
1990 Dec	The first week-long residential Bahá'í study school of Guinea was held in Guéckédou.	Gueckedou; Guinea	Study schools; Firsts, Other	Find ref
1991 8 - 14 Feb	The first Bahá'í Winter School of Romania was held in Felix, attended by 80 Bahá'ís. [BINS241:3]	Felix; Romania	First summer and winter schools
1991 15 – 21 Jul	The first summer school of Sikkim was held in Saramsa. [BINS257:6]	Saramsa; Sikkim; India	Summer schools; First summer and winter schools
1991 15 – 22 Aug	The first summer school of Tajikistan took place in Varzoub Gorge.	Varzoub Gorge; Tajikistan	First summer and winter schools	Find ref
1991 Dec 27 – 31	The first winter school of Hungary was held in Miskolc. [BINS266:2]	Miskolc; Hungary	First summer and winter schools
1992 19 - 22 Jun	Graduation ceremonies were held for the thirty-eight members of the first graduating class of the Maxwell International Bahá'í School. More than seven hundred participated in the ceremonies. ["Maxwell Eagle" Sep/Oct 1992 Vol IV no. 1 page 1]	British Columbia; Canada	Maxwell International School; Bahai schools
1992 21 – 23 Aug	The first National Summer School of Bulgaria was held in Stara Zagora, attended by 75 people. [BINS278:1–2]	Stara Zagora; Bulgaria	Summer schools; First summer and winter schools
1992 23 – 29 Aug	The first Bahá'í summer school to be held in Croatia took place in Pula, Istria, attended by a hundred Bahá'ís from nine countries. [BINS278:2; BINS287:10]	Pula; Istria; Croatia	First summer and winter schools
1992 Sep	The establishment of the Townshend International School situated in the heart of Europe in Hluboká, South Bohemia, Czech Republic. This private, non-affiliated, co-educational high school, accredited by the Ministry of Education with English as the teaching language, is a non-profit project and sponsors a number of students from its host country. [TIS Web Site]	Hluboka; South Bohemia; Czech Republic	Townshend International School; Bahai schools
1992 24 – 28 Oct	The first Bahá'í Autumn School of Central Asia was held in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, attended by more than 200 Bahá'ís and many others. [BINS284:2]	Bishkek; Kyrgyzstan; Central Asia	Autumn schools; Firsts, Other
1992 26 – 30 Dec	The first National Bahá'í Winter School of Bulgaria was held in Lovech, attended by 130 Bahá'ís. [BINS286:1–2]	Lovech; Bulgaria	Winter schools; First summer and winter schools
1993 (In the year)	The opening of the Bádi School with an enrollment of 12 students by the Torrez family members in Las Cumbres Villa Zaita, Panamá City, Republic of Panama. They rented a small, dismantled house from the Panama Social Security Agency, remodeled it and closed the garage in order to use it as a classroom. Over the years, two more buildings were added to expand the facility and enrollment capacity to 3200 square meters and 156 students. Badi's first high school graduation was scheduled for 2004, when Badi Tutorial University was scheduled to open its door. [Bádi School , Wiki Bahá'í Faith in Panama]	Panama	Badi School; Bahai schools
1993. Jan	In a commitment to education and the welfare of humanity, the Bahá’ís have setup 60 grassroots Bahá’í literacy schools and 30 Bahá’í primary health care workers were trained and deployed. The largest scale institution is the private school named the Bambino School in Lilongwe. A Bahá’í school started in January 1993 and in 2003 Bambino School had an enrolment of 1,100 from nursery level through secondary school and secretarial college and has high school graduation including taking the International General Certificate of Secondary Education. See BWNS240 from 1963 for a recap of the early Bahá'í history of Malawi.	Lilongwe, Malawi	Bambino School; Bahai school
1993 31 Jan	The opening of the Banani School with 65 students in Chisamba, Lusaka, Zambia. At the time of the school's inauguration on the 18th of May, 1996 there were 120 students, a library, a multimedia computer lab, a swimming pool, and a school bus. It was inaugurated by the William Mmutle Masetlha Foundation under the direction of the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Zambia and named after Hand of the Cause Musa Banani. The Primary School was inaugurated on 22 August, 2001. Today the Banani International School is a private, not for profit residential school for 150 girls from Grades 6 through 12. [Website; Wikipedia; Bahaipedia]	Chisamba; Lusaka; Zambia	Banani School; School; Banani International School
1993 19 – 21 Feb	The first Bahá'í Winter School of Slovenia and Croatia, the first Bahá'í school to be held in Slovenia, took place in Mozirje, Slovenia, attended by 20 adults and seven children. [BINS289:5–6]	Mozirje; Slovenia; Croatia	Winter schools; First summer and winter schools
1993 Jul 25 – 30	The first summer school of Albania was held in Gdem, attended by about 400 Bahá'ís. [BINS299:3]	Gdem; Albania	First summer and winter schools
1993 24 – 26 Dec	The first summer school of Angola was held in Luanda, attended by more than 20 Bahá'ís. [BINS309:1]	Luanda; Angola	Summer schools; First summer and winter schools
1994 Jan	The first winter school of Mongolia was held in Songino, near Ulaan Baatar. [BINS310:6]	Songino; Mongolia	First summer and winter schools
1994 Jul 6 – 10	The first Children's Bahá'í Summer School of Pakistan was held in Abbottabad, attended by 13 children. [BINS324:5]	Abbottabad; Pakistan	Summer schools
1995 Jul	The first Bahá'í summer school of Lithuania was held in Ukmerge, attended by 20 people. [BINS346:1]	Ukmerge; Lithuania	First summer and winter schools
1996 9 - 11 Feb	The first National Bahá'í Winter School of Belarus was held near Minsk. [BINS358:3]	Minsk; Belarus	Winter schools; First summer and winter schools
1996 3 Mar	The establishment of the Ocean of Light School in Tonga. [OoL Website, BWNS195; Bahaipedia]	Tonga	Bahai schools; BWNS
1998 21 Jul	Mr. Ruhu'llah Rawhani, a 52-year-old medical supplies salesman was hanged in Mashhad solely for religious reasons. Later that morning, Mr. Rawhani's family was summoned to collect his body and required, despite their protests, to complete the burial within one hour, under the supervision of Government intelligence agents. In 1984, Mr. Rawhani was arrested and imprisoned for more than a year. According to an account given by Mr. Rawhani's relatives in the Australian Bahá'í News, Mr. Rawhani was tortured during his first imprisonment. He was arrested a second time in the mid 1990's. The charge was apparently related to his work in the conduct of purely religious activities, such as prayer meetings and children's classes. He was released after 24 hours. Mr. Rawhani was arrested for a third time in September 1997 and placed in solitary confinement in Mashhad. He had been accused of "converting" a woman from Islam to the Bahá'í Faith. The woman, however, denied that she had converted; she explained that her mother was a Bahá'í and that she herself had been raised as a Bahá'í. She was not arrested. The killing of Mr. Rawhani was the first government execution of a Bahá'í in Iran in six years, and was coupled with the widespread arrest of some 32 Bahá'í educators in fourteen different cities throughout Iran in late September and early October. From the Daily Telegraph, August 2nd 1998. [One Country Jul-Sep 1998 Vol 10 Issue 2, One Country Oct-Dec 1998 Vol 10 Issue 3, Archives of Bahá'í Persecution in Iran] See the message from the Universal House of Justice dated 29 September, 1998. See the website of the Rowhani Bahá'í School that was established in the town of Luganville in Vanuatu in his memory. It began in 1999 with 7 students in small room above a stationary store and now (2021) has about 230 students from K to year 10.	Mashhad; Iran; Luganville; Vanuatu	Persecution, Iran; Persecution, Arrests; Persecution, Deaths; Persecution; persecution, Persecution, Education; Rowhani Bahai School
2000 Jan	The establishment of a high school at the Malagwane hill site in Mbabane, the capital of Swaziland, a small cosmopolitan city of about 90,000 inhabitants. The school, located on the outskirts of the city, was named "The Setsembiso Sebunye High School." In Siswati, the language of Swaziland, it means "the promise of unity." It opened with a double stream (two sections) with 120 students in Forms One and Two (the 8th and 9th year of school). In subsequent years a minimum of 70 new students were admitted. A two-story, twelve-room building was completed just before the opening of school. This building contains 7 classrooms, a science lab/classroom, and a modern computer room, a library and an administrative/staff room. Each classroom was equipped with computer capabilities to provide both access to a network in support of the curriculum and the internet. This building was the first of a complex of facilities to serve the needs of a modern high school, eventually having about 400 students. The total enrolment for all of the schools (high, primary and pre-primary schools) later exceeded 500. [Home Page]	Mbabane; Swaziland	Bahai schools; Setsembiso Sebunye High School
2001 Jul	The inauguration of the new campus of the Townshend International School in the Czech Republic. Since its opening in 1992 the co-educational high school has gained accreditation from the Ministry of Education and has welcomed students from over thirty countries in addition to sponsoring students from the Czech Republic. This private, non-affiliated, co-educational high school was accredited by the Ministry of Education with English as the teaching language. [TIS Web Site]	Czech Republic	Townshend International School; Bahai schools
2002 6 June	City Montessori School in Lucknow, India won the UNESCO Peace Education award in recognition of its efforts to promote the universal values of education for peace and tolerance and to renew the principles of secularism at a time when these values and principles are increasingly being challenged. The school was founded by Mr. Jagdish Gandhi and his wife Bharti in 1959 with only 5 students and has since earned a reputation for a high level of academic excellence — and for a distinctive program of moral and spiritual education. In 1999 the Guinness Book of World Records recognized City Montessori School as the world's largest school by enrollment. The school had some 22,000 students that year. In 2002 it had 26,000 students in grade levels ranging from pre-primary to college and in 2010-11 enrolment was 39,437. In 2014-14 it was over 47,000. Technically speaking, CMS is not so much a school as a school district, with some 20 branches spread throughout Lucknow. [CMS site, BWNS165, BWNS146, One CountryVol.14,Issue 1]	Lucknow; India	Awards; UNESCO; City Montessori School; Bahai schools; Social and economic development; BWNS
2002 21 Sep	The dedication, at the Green Acre Bahá'í School in Eliot Maine, the oldest permanent Bahá'í school in the world, of a new classroom and lecture hall designated as The Harriet and Curtis Kelsey Center, with an attendant Manny Reimer Hall. [BWNS175]	Eliot; Maine; United States	Green Acre; Bahai schools; Curtis Kelsey; Harriet Kelsey; First schools; BWNS
2007. 14 Nov	In a letter to the Students, Staff, Parents and Supporters of Maxwell International School the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Canada announced that the school would close (at the end of the term). Financial considerations were cited as the reason. Maxwell had provided an accredited academic program for grades 7–12 leading to British Columbia high school graduation certification. The school had been established in 1989 as a non-profit educational institution with a strong emphasis on the performing arts. The Maxwell Dance Workshop used dance, music and drama to challenge young people to find new solutions for the issues facing their generation. The school also had an ESL (English as a Second Language) program to accommodate foreign students who came from diverse religious and cultural backgrounds. [Maxwell International School on A-Channel News]	Shawnigan Lake BC; British Columbia; Canada	Maxwell International School; Bahai Schools; Dance; Dance Workshop
2020. 24 Aug	Wildfires caused widespread destruction in California in the summer of 2020. The National Assembly of the United States informed the Bahá'í community that “the property (Bosch Bahá'í School)sustained severe damage to a number of structures; many were a total loss, including the cabins. However, several other buildings, including most of the major structures, appear to have been spared.” “Bosch has for several decades served as a vital center of learning and inspiration,” the letter continued. “We have no doubt that, once the present difficulties are overcome, it will once again become a place radiating the light of the unifying teachings of our Faith and a source of spiritual power for the entire region.” [US Bahá'í News }	Bonny Doon; California	Bosch Bahai School

from the chronology of Canada

date	event	locations	tags	see also
1941. 28 Jun - 2 Jul	First summer School in Canada in Montreal was held in three different homes, the Schopflochers', the Salas' and the Maxwells'. Reports of the number of people attending vary from 17 to 25 to 30. Those attending were from Montreal, St. Lambert, Moncton, Hamilton, Toronto, (among them a new believer named John Robarts), Ottawa Rouyn, and Winnipeg. Three non-Bahá'ís also attended and enrolled shortly thereafter. The varied program provided daily talks and discussions based on the outline ‘Deepening the Spiritual Life’; study of the first part of ‘The Promised Day Is Come’ (led by Miss Winnifred Harvey); separate talks on ‘Bahá’í Administration’ (Siegfried Schopflocher, Ragnar Mattson, and Lou Boudler); ‘Bahá’í Attitude towards Christianity’ (Mrs. Agnes King); and ‘Post-War Reconstruction’ (John De Mille). Lorol Schopflocher contributed an account of her journeys to Central America and the British West Indies, and Emeric and Rosemary Sala gave us stories of their experiences in Venezuela and Columbia. [OBCC268; BW9:28; TG84; BN No 149 December 1941 p5]	Montreal, QC	Summer schools; Winnifred Harvey; Siegfried Schopflocher; Ragnar Mattson,; Lou Boudler; Agnes King; john De Mille; Lorol Schopflocher; Emeric Sala; Rosemary Sala; John Roberts
1941. (Summer)	The war years brought an unexpected development in the Bahá’í community in Canada. Government restrictions on foreign currency exchange reduced the attendance by Canadian Bahá’ís at the Green Acre and Geyserville summer schools in the United States. After the 1941 National Convention, Rowland Estall was charged with the start—up of Bahá’í summer schools and conferences in Canada. With the financial help of Siegfried Schopfiocher, the first such gathering took place in Montreal from late June to early July of that year. A month later the Ontario Bahá’ís hosted a summer school at Rice Lake, and a summer session took place in Vernon, British Colombia. From then on summer schools became a regular feature of Canadian Bahá’í life. [BWM48-49]	Montreal, QC; Rice Lake, ON; Vernon, BC	Summer schools
1941. 3 - 9 Aug	The Spiritual Assembly of Toronto held it first annual Ontario summer school at Glen Lynden Farm, Rice Lake. 29 attended. The general theme was “Our Colossal Responsibility.” They were blessed by a cablegram from Shoghi Effendi saying that he was delighted, and praying for success of the Ontario Summer Session. [TG84; BN No 149 December 1941 p6; OBCC164,268] See photo at Worldwide Community of Bahá'u'lláh]	Rice Lake, ON	Summer School
1941 29 - 31 Aug	First Summer School in Vernon, BC. Less than 20 attended. [OBBC 164,268]	Vernon, BC	Summer school
1942. Summer	A week-long summer school was held at the family farm of Paul Sala in Rivière Beaudette, QC with Dr Glen Shook as guest speaker. [TG84]	Rivière Beaudette, QC	Summer School; Paul Sala
1946 (In the year)	The Beaulac property, near Rawdon was purchased by Rosemary and Emeric Sala in partnership with Freddie Schopflocher with the intention of establishing a winter school. Bill Suter, a Swiss immigrant, was appointed as the caretaker. [TG108] The farmhouse was improved and enlarged, two additional cottages were built, two mor wells were dug, part of the barn was rebuilt into a lecture hall. The property was offered for use by the Canadian Youth Hostel Association and was used by the Bahá'ís for winter and summer schools for more than twenty-five years. [TG109] When the National Spiritual Assembly was formed two years later this property became its first endowment. [CBN No 15 September, 1950 p5] .	Beaulac, QC	Summer School; Beaulac
1947 (In the year)	The purchase of the Beaulac site, Canada's first nationally owned summer and winter school site. This site would serve the community until the early 70's.(OBCC164, BNNov1947p10-11]	Beaulac, QC	Summer school; Winter school
1948. 7 - 14 Aug	First Baha’i conference held at Franklin Camp. Georgian Bay, Ontario. See photo. [Worldwide Community of Bahá'u'lláh	Georgian Bay, ON	Summer School
1950. 22 Jul - 4 Aug	The Laurentian Bahá'í School was held at Beaulac. Speakers were Genevieve Coy and Kenneth Christian. [CBN No 13 May, 1950 p5; CBN 15 September 1950 p5-7]	Beaulac, QC	Summer School; Genevieve Coy; Kenneth Christian
1950. 12 - 19 Aug	The Ontario Summer Conference was held at Franklin Camp with about 60 persons in attendance. The speaker was John Robarts who spoke on the Covenant and Elsie Austin of Washington DC whose topic was "The Divine Art of Living". [CBN No 14 July, 1950 p14; No 15 September 1950; CBN No19 April 1951 p14]	Franklin Camp, ON	Summer School; John Robarts
1950. 20 - 26 Aug	Bahiyyih and Harry Ford were the guest teachers at the Bahá'í Conference held in Banff and she spoke on the Covenant. Harry's talk dealt with teaching methods. [CBN No 16 November 1950 p3-4]	Banff, AB	Summer School; Bahiyyih Ford; Harry Ford
1950. 26 Dec - 1 Jan	A Winter School was held at Beaulac. [CBN 16 November 1950 p7]	Beaulac, QC	Winter School
1950. 26 Dec - 1 Jan	A Winter School was held at Beaulac. [CBN 16 November 1950 p7]	Beaulac, QC	Winter School
1951. 21 Jul - 3 Aug	Reginal King and Lowell Johnson were speakers at the Laurentian Summer School. [CBN No19 April 1951 p13]		Laurentian Summer School; Summer School; Reginal King; Lowell Johson
1951. 4 - 11 Aug	The Ontario Summer School was held at the Blue Mountain Lodge. The weekly group numbered 37, with many visitors dropping in for a shorter period. Owing to a serious accident to his son, Mr. Curtis Kelsey was unable to be present as originally planned, but Mrs. Margery McCormick, out of her great love for Canada, came directly from Louhellen to give a wonderful course on 'The Seven Valleys". "Administration" was the second major subject, co-ordinated by Lloyd Gardner, with various speakers. An added feature was introduced this year when Nancy Campbell gave three periods on "Platform Technique While Speaking in Public". [CBN No 19 April 1951 p13; CBN No 23 November 1951 p6]	Collingwood, ON	Ontario Summer School; Summer School; Curtis Kelsey; Rex King; Margery McCormick; Lloyd Gardner; Nancy Campbell
1951. 26 Aug - 2 Sep	The Prairie Regional Teaching Conference was held at the Holliday House in Banff. They continued to use this venue until 1967 when the summer school were held at what become to be the Sylvan Lake Baha’i Centre. [CBN No19 April 1951 p13]	Banff, AB	Summer School
1951. 1 - 2 Sep	John Robarts was the guest speaker at the Laurentian Bahá'í School. He stressed the unique privilege Bahá'ís have today of bringing a Divine Plan to a chaotic world. The three letters'---"of the Guardian, "God-Given Mandate", written in 1946, "Challenging Requirements of the Present Hour (1947) and "Citadel of Baha'u'llah (1948) were discussed. Sixteen people from Montreal, Toronto, London and Kingston were present. [CBN No 23 November 1951 p6]	Beaulac, QC	Laurentian Bahai School; John Robarts
1951. 26 Dec - 2 Jan	Beaulac Winter School. [CBN No 23 November 1951 p 5] A "shower was given for the Beaulac School to which all Bahá'ís in the greater Montreal area were invited. Lamps, sheets, towels, bedspreads, furniture and money were received. [CBN No 25 January 1952 p4]	Beaulac, QC	Winter School
1952 Aug	The Ontario Bahá'í Summer School was held at the Blue Mountain Resort in Collingwood. [UC35]	Collingwoood, ON	Summer School
1952. 26 Dec - 1 Jan	Rosemary Sala spoke about her recent pilgrimage at the Beaulac Winter Session. [CBN No 36 December, 1952 p8]	Beaulac	Winter School; Rosemary Sala
1954. 29 Aug - 5 Sep	A summer school was held at the Banff School of Fine Arts attracting 41 adults and 12 children. Speakers were Florence Mayberry, who spoke on "Spiritual Dynamics", Ron Nablo, Rex King, (who had just recently pioneered to Anchorage. [CBN No 58 November, 1954 p4]	Banff, AB	Summer School; Florence Mayberry; Ron Nablo; Rex King
1955. 1 - 2 Jan	A Winter School was held at Beaulac, QC. Courses included one by Lloyd Gardiner on "Administration", during which the L.S.A.'s of East Beaulac and West Beaulac met to discuss a specific community problem. This workshop method of learning by doing ensured better learning with many an added chuckle.[CBN No 61 Feb 1955 p1]	Beaulac, QC	Beaulac Winter School
1955. 1 - 2 Jan	At Skyloft Lodge north of Toronto 29 Bahá'ís and 30 non-Bahá'ís attended a conference arranged by the Ontario Youth Committee. Canadian communities represented were Toronto, Thoro1d, Kingston, Forest Hill, Pickering, Hamilton, Stratford and Oshawa. Friends were also welcomed from Hamburg and Niagara Falls, N.Y., from Connecticut and from Pittsburg, Pa. The speakers were Miss Nancy Campbell, Hamilton, who spoke on "Living the Bahá'í Life'', which gave much food for thought. Douglas Martin and Elizabeth Manser, each conducted a session. [CBN No61 Feb 1955 p1]	Toronto, ON;	Ontario Winter School
1955. 1 - 10 Jul	Ross Woodman presented at the first Beaulac session, July 1-10, and Mr. and Mrs. Curtis Kelsey and Mr. Ron Nablo at the second, Aug. 7-14. The themes for study were: Man's Relationship to God. Man's Relationship to Society. Society and Administration. [CBN No65 Jun 1955 p6]	Beaulac, QC	Beaulac; Laurentian Summer School
1955. 21 - 27 Aug	The Summer School on the prairies was held at Valley Centre, Fort Qu'Appelle, SK. [CBN No65 Jun 1955 p6]	Fort QuAppelle, SK	Fort QuAppelle; Prairie Summer School
1955. 31 Dec - 1 Jan	Teachers at Beaulac Winter School were Roger White, Ottawa, who led a discussion on "The Way Home" based on the Seven Valleys and Douglas Martin whose course was entitled "The Emphasis is on the Individual". [CBN No 73 Feb 1956 p4]	Beaulac, QC	Beaulac Winter School; Roger White; Douglas Martin
1956. 21 - 28 Jul	The Laurentian Bahá'í School was held in two sessions, July 21-28 and July 28-August 5. The theme for the sessions was "The Development of The Individual". The teachers for the first session were Mrs. Audrey Westheuser, Dr. Genevieve Coy, Mr. Allan Raynor and from July 28 - August 5, Miss Winnifred Harvey, Mrs. Ruth Moffett and Mr. Mehdi Firoozi. [CBN No74 Mar 1956 p4; CBN No 78 Jul 1956 p4]		Laurentian Summer School
1956. 21 - 28 Jul	The Laurentian Summer School was held in two sessions, 21-28 July and 28 July to the 5th of August. The presenters were: Dr Genevieve Coy spoke on "The Reality of Man", Mehdi Firoozi told stories on the Dawnbreakers and the Hands of the Cause, Ruth Moffet gave her course on the "Spiritual Crusade" and Winnifred Harvey took the theme "Tools of Living", Audrey Westheuser gave a course on Faith in Action and Allan Raynor on "Bahá'u'lláh's Covenant and our Relationship to It". [CBN No 81 October 1956 p2]		Laurentian Summer School; Genevieve Coy; Mehdi Firoozi; Ruth Moffet; Winnifred Harvey; Audrey Westheuser; Allan Raynor
1956 Aug	The Ontario Summer School was held during the long holiday weekends. The first two were held in Dundas and the last two in Forest. sessions. At Forest on Labour Day weekend Nancy Campbell spoke on "Meditation and the Law of Love" and Charles Grindley on "The Science of Teaching". [CBN No 81 October 1956 p2]	Dundas, ON; Forest, ON;	Ontario Summer School; Nancy Campbell; Charles Grindley
1956. 2 - 8 Sep	The Western Canada Bahá'î Summer Conference was held at the School of Fine Arts in Banff. The course material dealt with Bahá'í Administration, The Covenant, and Living the Bahá'í Life. CBN No 78 July 1956 p4] Presenters were: Katherine Moscrop and Ted Anderson spoke on the Covenant and Bahá'í Administration. Joyce Noble and W R Maclean spoke on "Deepening the Spiritual Life". Katherine Hamilton and Joyce Noble gave a wonderful description of their pilgrimage to Haifa. [CBN No 81 October 1956 p5]	Banff, AB	Banff Summer School; Katherine Moscrop; Ted Anderson; Joyce Noble; W R Maclean; Katherine Hamilton
1957 Jan	The Laurentian Bahá'í Winter School was attended by about twenty people. Mary and Andy Andrews of Ottawa were the presenters. [CBN No 85 February 1957 p2]	Beaulac, QC	Laurentian Winter School; Andy Andrews; Mary Andrews
1957 Summer	The Laurentian Summer School was held at Beaulac. The presenters were Margery McCormick, Mehdi Firoozi and Stanwood Cobb. [CBN NO92 September 1957 p4; CBN No 93 Oct 1957 p3] It was described as the most successful Conference held at Beaulac with over 80 Bahá'ís and friends in attendance.	Beaulac, QC	Laurentian Summer School; Margery McCormick: Mehdi Firoozi: Stanwood Cobb
1957. 25 - 31 Aug	Western Canada Summer Conference at the Banff School of Fine Arts. The syllabus included (1) "The Covenant and the Aims, Purposes and Processes of the Administrative Order" (Allan Raynor) (2) "The History of the Faith" (Ted Anderson and Hartwell Bowsfield) (3) "The Fundamental Spiritual Verities" (Florence Mayberry) and "The Bahá'í World Crusade" (Beatrice Ashton). [CBN No 88 May 1957 p3] About 84 Bahá'ís and their friends were in attendance. [CBN No 93 Oct 1957 p5]		Western Canada Summer Conference; Summer school
1958. 2 - 9 Aug	The Ontario Summer School Committee presented three courses at the YMCA Camp Kitchikewana at Geneva Park on Lake Couchiching. Audrey Westheuser presented "Sources of Hidden Power", Beatrice Ashton, "The World Crusade" and Winston Evans, a Bahá'í from Nashville, Tennessee, contributed, "Bahá'í Faith in a Christian World". He suggested that in teaching Christians that they not be considered as a homogeneous group but rather they should be approached with an appreciation of the tenants of eacch particular group. [CBN No 105 October 1958 p5, UC79] Winston Evans extended his teaching trip throughout Western Ontario to consult with the Promulgation Committee. Two new pamphlets were designed, "The Reality of the Return of Christ" and "Letters to Christians". He spoke at public meetings in Toronto , London, Ajax, Georgetown, Dundas, Forest and other communities. [CBN No 105 October 1958 p3; UC80]	Geneva Park, ON	Proclamation I; Summer School; Audrey Westheuser; Beatrice Ashton; Winston Evans; Promulgation Campaign
1958 Sep	The first Yukon Bahá'í Summer School was held at Jackson Lake, YT and was attended by a "handful" of people. The property had only one small cabin. In 1961 the conference attracted over 70 people from the Yukon, Alaska, British Columbia and Washington State. By 1964 the number of participants had increase to 100 and in 1967 to 135 with an average class attendance of 25 for the adult classes. [Native Conversion, Native Identity: An Oral History of the Bahá'í Faith among First Nations People in the Southern Central Yukon Territory, Canada by Carolyn Patterson Sawin p95]	Jackson Lake, YT	Summer School
1962 May	The Western Canada Bahá'í School was held at the Banff School of Fine Arts from August 12 – 19. It cost a dollar a day to register and room and meals cost $5.00 to $7.00 per day. Mrs. Betty Putters in Sherwood Park was in charge of registration. (May 1962. Summer Schools. U. S. Supplement. Baha’i News)	Banff, AB	Betty Putters; Summer School
1963. 11 - 18 Aug	The Banff Summer School was held at the Banff School of Fine Arts. The theme was "The Advent of Divine Justice". [CBN No163 Aug 1963 p4]	Banff	Banff Summer School
1967. 30 Jul - 5 Aug	The Western Canada Bahá'í Summer School moved from Banff to the new Bahá’í-owned lakeside chalet Sylvan Lake, AB (100 miles north of Calgary). The was a large camping area, motels, and limited indoor sleeping accommodation. [CBN No 207 April 1967 p7] Mrs. Beatrice A. Rinde of California conducted a course, Bahá'í Laws from Universal House of Justice	Sylvan Lake, AB	Summer School
1987. 31 Dec	The passing of Bill Waugh (b. 18 March 1904 Verdun, QC). He was buried in the Cap-aux-Meules cemetery. Bill was well-known in Quebec and the Maritimes for his ten years of service at the Laurentian Bahá'í School at Beaulac, Quebec, his travel teaching in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, and his wholehearted participation in regional activities when the Magdalens were a part of the Prince Edward Island teaching region. He served Bahá'í communities across Canada from Saanich, B.C., Beloeil, Quebec, and lastly to the Magdalen Islands where Bill, his wife Percilla and daughter Barbara pioneered for the last fifteen years of his life. [BC Vol 10 No 1 March 1988 p15]	Magdalen Islands, QC; Verdun, QC	In Memoriam; Bill Waugh; Laurentian Bahai School
1988. 8 May	The passing of Beatrice Owen Ashton (b. 17 May, 1890, Cleveland). She was buried in the Lake View Cemetery in Cleveland. [BW20p896-899] She graduated from Vassar College in 1911 and in 1918 she learned of the Faith in Urbana, IL from Dr Jacob and Anna Kunz after meeting some Bahá'ís who had been picnicking. (See BW16p520 for In Memoriam for Anna Kunz) In August of 1918 she married Frank Ashton at Green Acre. In post-war 1945, the National Spiritual Assembly appointed her as the international relief representative for Germany and the Philippines. During the summers from 1947 to 1953 she undertook teaching trips to Europe: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland. In April of 1952 she went on pilgrimage and met the Guardian for the first time. [BN no262, December, 1952 p5-7] In addition to administrative tasks she worked on the production of Bahá'í World XIII and taught summer school classes at Green Acre, Louhelen and Geyserville as well as Beaulac, Banff and Toronto in Canada. She pioneered to Lethbridge, Alberta from 1958 to 1966 and taught the Faith on the Peigan Reserve (now Piikini First Nation). When the Bahá'ís of Lethbridge elected their first Local Spiritual Assembly she went back to European teaching and made four trips to Norway by 1970. From 1970 she served in Haifa in the Research Department, cataloging and indexing the Guardian's letters and correspondence but in 1972 she had to return to the US due to failing health. In her latter years she made an index for Citadel of Faith as well as for Messages to America and indexed the Writings of the Báb and Bahá'u'lláh that Shoghi Effendi had translated. Find a grave.	Lethbridge, AB	Beatrice Owen Ashton; Beatrice Ashton; Travel teaching; Summer school
1989 (Summer)	The founding of the Maxwell International Bahá'í School. It was a co-ed Bahá'í school located on Shawnigan Lake, British Columbia, Canada. It offered day students and boarding students from many parts of the world instruction from grades 7-12. Its educational philosophy was based on the principles of the Bahá'í Faith. The school was opened in a ceremony with guest of honour Amatu'l-Bahá Rúhíyyih Khánum (Mary Maxwell, daughter of May and Sutherland) and wife of the Bahá'í Faith's Guardian, Shoghi Effendi). A tree was planted in dedication to the opening of the school. In the early 2006-2007 school year, the school board decided to drop "Bahá'í" from its name, changing it to "Maxwell International School". The school closed on its 20th anniversary in 2008. [Wiki]	Shawnigan Lake, BC	Maxwell International School; Bahai schools; Amatul-Baha Ruhiyyih Khanum; Maxwell International School
1992 19 - 22 Jun	The ceremonies were held for the thirty-eight members of the first graduating class of the Maxwell International Bahá'í School. More than seven hundred participated in the ceremonies. ["Maxwell Eagle" Sep/Oct 1992 Vol IV no. 1 page 1]	Shawnigan Lake, BC	Maxwell International School; Bahai schools
1994 (In the year)	The founding of the Nancy Campbell Collegiate Institute in Stratford. [Bahaipedia]	Stratford, ON	Nancy Campbell; Nancy Campbell Collegiate Institute; Bahai inspired schools
2007. 14 Nov	In a letter to the Students, Staff, Parents and Supporters of Maxwell International School the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Canada announced that the school would close (at the end of the term). Financial considerations were cited as the reason. Maxwell had provided an accredited academic program for grades 7–12 leading to British Columbia high school graduation certification. The school had been established in 1989 as a non-profit educational institution with a strong emphasis on the performing arts. The Maxwell Dance Workshop used dance, music and drama to challenge young people to find new solutions for the issues facing their generation. The school also had an ESL (English as a Second Language) program to accommodate foreign students who came from diverse religious and cultural backgrounds. [Maxwell International School on A-Channel News]	Shawnigan Lake, BC	Maxwell International School; Bahai Schools; Dance; Dance Workshop

from the main catalogue

Bahá'í History and Videos, by Hussein Ahdieh (2013). Links to Zoom videos on a variety of topics: Kahlil Gibran, the life of Varqá, Bahá'í schools for girls and Tahirih's influence, martyrs in Nayriz, Abdu'l-Bahá in New York, and Harlem Prep School. [about]
Bahá'í Horizons in the 21st Century, by David S. Ruhe (1993). Informal notes transcribed from a talk closing a 1993 Conference on Social and Economic Development in Orlando, Florida, offering an overview of Bahá'í activities at the turn of the millennium. [about]
Bahá'í Schools, by Vahid Rafati, in Encyclopaedia Iranica, Volume 3 (1989). Brief excerpt, with link to article offsite. [about]
Bahá'í World, The: Volume 18 (1979-1983), in Bahá'í World (1986). Periodic volumes that survey the global activities and major achievements of the Faith. [about]
Calling, The: Tahirih of Persia and Her American Contemporaries, by Hussein Ahdieh and Hillary Chapman (2017). Simultaneous, powerful spiritual movements swept across both Iran and the U.S in the mid-1800s. On the life and martyrdom of Tahirih; the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention and the conference of Badasht; spiritualism and suffrage. [about]
Centres of Bahá'í Learning, by Shoghi Effendi and Universal House of Justice, in Compilation of Compilations, Volume 1 (1991). [about]
Charter for Bahá'í Schools, A, by Stephen Waite and National Spiritual Assembly of India, in Bahá'í National Review, 128 (1990). Basic principles which may guide the development of Bahá'í schools and other educational projects [about]
Collections of Audio and Video Talks: Lists of Speakers and Titles, by Various (?-20). List of talks and presentations in Video or Audio format found at other sites; included here for reference and keyword indexing. [about]
Developing a Participatory Approach to Learning, by Maija Pihlainen, in Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 4:2 (1991). The Macau-based School of the Nations’ philosophy of education, and its implications for the school’s curriculum development process. The Bahá'í approach to education emphasizes moral education, participation, cooperation, and consultation. [about]
Eshraghieh and Mahmoud Rabbani Collection, by Bosch Bahá'í School library (1998). Arabic and Persian books, tablets, and manuscripts held at the Bosch Bahá'í School library. [about]
For the Betterment of the World: The Worldwide Bahá'í Community's Approach to Social and Economic Development, by Office of Social and Economic Development (2018). Essays, photographs, and overviews of local projects around the world, illustrating how Bahá'í principles are being carried out in practice, prepared by the Office of Social and Economic Development of the Bahá'í International Community. [about]
Foreigner: From an Iranian Village to New York City and the Lights That Led the Way, by Hussein Ahdieh and Hillary Chapman (2019). Biography of a young boy in Nayriz, Iran in the mid 20th-century, his reflection on the sad society; his experience as a immigrant in the United States, struggle to make the American dream, and helped the innovative Harlem Prep, a Bahá'í inspired School. [about]
From Nayriz to New York: Hussein Ahdieh and the Story of Harlem Prep, by Sean Nevins, in IranWire (2016). Brief overview of the history of the Harlem Prep School and bio of its founder. [about]
Harlem Preparatory School: An Alternative, by Hussein Ahdieh (1974). Harlem Prep was one of the leading alternative schools in the country. This study (written 3 years before the school's closing) recounts its founding, and its financial and educational development. [about]
Interdependence of Bahá'í Communities, The: Services of North American Bahá'í Women to Iran, by Baharieh Rouhani Ma'ani, in Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 4:1 (1991). Some early American Bahá’í women’s contribution to the development of the Iranian Bahá’í community. [about]
Introduction to Green Acre Bahá'í School, by Anne Gordon Atkinson, in Green Acre on the Piscataqua: A Centennial Celebration (1990). Brief summary of the history contained in the book-length history "Green Acre on the Piscataqua: A Centennial Celebration". [about]
Ishqabad, City of Love: A Study into the Story of Those Who Became the Foremost in the Bahá'í Faith, by Fuad Izadinia (2014). Biographies of many dozen Bahá'ís of historical interest; construction of the House of Worship in Turkmenistan; Bahá'í schools for boys and for girls; stories of exiled Bahá'ís. [about]
Meditation, Prayer, and Spiritualization, by Universal House of Justice (1983). Practicing personal spirituality and methods for achieving spiritual growth. [about]
Messages from the Universal House of Justice 1963-1986: Third Epoch of the Formative Age, by Universal House of Justice (1996). [about]
Moody, Susan I., 1851-1934: Obituary, by Miriam Haney, in The Bahá'í Magazine, 25:12 (1935). Tribute to a travel-teacher who was especially known for bringing education and medical care to women and girls in Iran, and who helped found the Tarbiyat School for Girls. [about]
Munirih Khanum: Memoirs and Letters, by Munirih Khanum (1986). Autobiography of Khanum (1847-1938), the wife of Abdu'l-Bahá. Includes the arrangements for her marriage, her travel to Akka, her time with the wife of the Bab, and memorial letters written on the anniversaries of the passing of Abdu'l-Bahá. [about]
Proselytizing, Development, and the Covenant, by Universal House of Justice, in Messages from the Universal House of Justice: 1963-1986, The Third Epoch of the Formative Age (1996). Teaching vs. proselytization; applying Bahá'í social teachings without becoming ensnared in prevailing cultural mores; and the uniqueness of the Bahá'í covenant. [about]
Reminiscences of the Summer School Green Acre Eliot, Maine, by Charles Mason Remey (1949). On the evolution of Green Acre from a meeting place for New England intellectuals and religious speakers into a Bahá'í-managed summer school; Sarah Farmer's family and her personal difficulties; personalities of some early Bahá'ís; anecdotes by Remey. [about]
Schools owned by Bahá'ís and "Bahá'í schools", by Universal House of Justice (1994). Are schools owned by or run by Bahá'ís always considered "Bahá'í" schools, and does the word "Bahá'í" always appear in their title? [about]
Searching for Bahá'í Identity, by Alexandra Leavy, in Journal of Cultural Studies of the Middle East and North Africa (2009). How do religious minorities adapt to the new nationalist identity of Iran post-1979? [about]
Spiritual Growth, Essential Requisites for, by Universal House of Justice (1983). Letter to Europe, its historically-recent turn away from religion, six ways to improve spirituality, and the importance of prayer and meditation. [about]
Translation list (2009). Index to talks, letters, and other items translated from Persian and Arabic to English by Adib Masumian; listed here for the sake of search engines and tagging. [about]
Unrestrained as the Wind: A Life Dedicated to Bahá'u'lláh (1985). Compilation of quotations on topics of especial interest to Bahá'í youth. [about]
Values Education in Bahá'í Schools, by Jennifer Chapa and Rhett Diessner, in Education, Culture and Values, Volume 5 (2000). A general introduction to a Bahá'í view of the purpose of education, along with a review of common principles and features of Bahá'í-inspired schools, with a multiculturally sensitive curriculum. [about]
Way Out of No Way, A: Harlem Prep: Transforming Dropouts into Scholars, 1967-1977, by Hussein Ahdieh and Hillary Chapman (2016). History of Harlem preparatory school, one of the earliest alternative schools in the country, as told by its former assistant headmaster. [about]
Yerrinbool Bahá'í School 1938 - 1988: An Account of the First Fifty Years, by Graham Hassall (1988). History of an early Australian Bahá'í school. [about]
Yerrinbool Report on Scholarship: 1997, by Graham Hassall (1998). Overview of worldwide Bahá'í scholarship projects, publications, and events - 1997. [about]
Yerrinbool Report on Scholarship: 1998, by Graham Hassall (1999). Overview of worldwide Bahá'í scholarship projects, publications, and events - 1998. [about]
Yerrinbool Report on Scholarship: 1999, by Graham Hassall, in Australian Bahá'í Studies, vol. 2 (2000). Overview of worldwide Bahá'í scholarship projects, publications, and events - 1999; includes a progress report on the growth of the Bahá'í Library Online. [about]

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